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In logic, a set of symbols is commonly used to express logical representation. The following table lists many common symbols, together with their name, how they should be read out loud, and the related field of mathematics.
The colon:, is a punctuation mark consisting of two equally sized dots aligned vertically. A colon often precedes an explanation, a list, [1] or a quoted sentence. [2] It is also used between hours and minutes in time, [1] between certain elements in medical journal citations, [3] between chapter and verse in Bible citations, [4] and, in the US, for salutations in business letters and other ...
may mean that A is a subset of B, and is possibly equal to B; that is, every element of A belongs to B; expressed as a formula, ,. 2. A ⊂ B {\displaystyle A\subset B} may mean that A is a proper subset of B , that is the two sets are different, and every element of A belongs to B ; expressed as a formula, A ≠ B ∧ ∀ x , x ∈ A ⇒ x ∈ ...
According to Florian Cajori in A History of Mathematical Notations, Johann Rahn used both the therefore and because signs to mean "therefore"; in the German edition of Teutsche Algebra (1659) the therefore sign was prevalent with the modern meaning, but in the 1668 English edition Rahn used the because sign more often to mean "therefore".
The blue right-angled triangle has angle and the red right-angled triangle has angle . Both have a hypotenuse of length 1. Both have a hypotenuse of length 1. Auxiliary angles, here called p {\displaystyle p} and q {\displaystyle q} , are constructed such that p = ( θ + φ ) / 2 {\displaystyle p=(\theta +\varphi )/2} and q = ( θ − φ ) / 2 ...
The orange and green quadrilaterals are congruent; the blue one is not congruent to them. Congruence between the orange and green ones is established in that side BC corresponds to (in this case of congruence, equals in length) JK, CD corresponds to KL, DA corresponds to LI, and AB corresponds to IJ, while angle ∠C corresponds to (equals) angle ∠K, ∠D corresponds to ∠L, ∠A ...
The triple bar character in Unicode is code point U+2261 ≡ IDENTICAL TO (≡, ≡). [1] The closely related code point U+2262 ≢ NOT IDENTICAL TO (≢, ≢) is the same symbol with a slash through it, indicating the negation of its mathematical meaning.
The pons asinorum in Oliver Byrne's edition of the Elements [1]. In geometry, the theorem that the angles opposite the equal sides of an isosceles triangle are themselves equal is known as the pons asinorum (/ ˈ p ɒ n z ˌ æ s ɪ ˈ n ɔːr ə m / PONZ ass-ih-NOR-əm), Latin for "bridge of asses", or more descriptively as the isosceles triangle theorem.