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Up-to-date ceramic technology involves invention and design of new components and optimization of production processes of complex structures. Ceramics can be formed by a variety of different methods which can be divided into three main groups, depending on whether the starting materials involve a gas, a liquid, or a solid.
For example, such methods are required for producing advanced, high-temperature structural parts such as heat engine components, recuperators and the like from powders of ceramic raw materials. Typical parts produced with this production operation include impellers made from stainless steel, bronze, complex cutting tools, plastic mould tooling ...
Liquid phase sintering is a sintering technique that uses a liquid phase to accelerate the interparticle bonding of the solid phase. In addition to rapid initial particle rearrangement due to capillary forces, mass transport through liquid is generally orders of magnitude faster than through solid, enhancing the diffusional mechanisms that drive densification. [1]
An example of sintering can be observed when ice cubes in a glass of water adhere to each other, which is driven by the temperature difference between the water and the ice. Examples of pressure-driven sintering are the compacting of snowfall to a glacier, or the formation of a hard snowball by pressing loose snow together.
Simulation of the outside of the Space Shuttle as it heats up to over 1,500 °C (2,730 °F) during re-entry into the Earth's atmosphere Bearing components made from 100% silicon nitride Si 3 N 4 Ceramic bread knife. Ceramic engineering is the science and technology of creating objects from inorganic, non-metallic materials. This is done either ...
Primary applications are the reduction of microshrinkage, the consolidation of powder metals, ceramic composites and metal cladding. Hot isostatic pressing is thus also used as part of a sintering (powder metallurgy) process and for fabrication of metal matrix composites, [3] often being used for postprocessing in additive manufacturing. [4]
SPS is also used for sintering of carbon nanotubes [11] for development of field electron emission electrodes. Functioning of SPS systems is schematically explained in a video link. [12] While the term "spark plasma sintering" is commonly used, the term is misleading since neither a spark nor a plasma is present in the process. [13]
An example of CMC manufacture, which was introduced for the production of ceramic brake discs, is the reaction of silicon with a porous preform of C/C. [14] The process temperature is above 1,414 °C (2,577 °F), that is above the melting point of silicon, and the process conditions are controlled such that the carbon fibers of the C/C-preform ...