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On an income statement, "operating expenses" is the sum of a business's operating expenses for a period of time, such as a month or year. In throughput accounting , the cost accounting aspect of the theory of constraints (TOC), operating expense is the money spent turning inventory into throughput . [ 4 ]
According to World Bank, ″Gross domestic expenditures on research and development (R&D) include both capital and current expenditures in the four main sectors: Business enterprise, Government, Higher education and Private non-profit. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development.″ [3]
Changes in government spending are a major component of fiscal policy used to stabilize the macroeconomic business cycle. Public expenditure is spending made by the government of a country on collective or individual needs and wants of public goods and public services, such as pension, healthcare, security, education subsidies, emergency ...
An example may be a local school system in the United States. It receives a grant from its state government to support a new special education initiative, another grant from the federal government for a school lunch program, and an annuity to award teachers working on research projects. At periodic intervals, the school system needs to generate ...
For example, the number of workers per retiree was 5.1 in 1960; this declined to 3.3 in 2007 and is projected to decline to 2.1 by 2040. [25] According to census data for 2011, 16% of the population lived in a household where at least one individual received Social Security and 15% lived in a household where at least one individual received ...
For example, in the resource consumption accounting approach, resources and their costs are considered as foundational to robust cost modeling and managerial decision support, because an organization’s costs and revenues are all a function of the resources and the individual capacities that produce them.
Expenditures by Canadian corporations on research and development accounted for about 50% of all spending on scientific research and development in Canada in 2007. In the corporate sector research and development tends to focus on the creation or invention of new products and services or more commonly the incremental improvement of existing ...
Expenditures on research and development, staff training, market research and similar activities. all goods except dwellings acquired by governmental establishments engaged in the production of defence services, including expenditures by the military on weapons of destruction and the equipment needed to deliver them.