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A bipolar nebula is a type of nebula characterized by two lobes either side of a central star. About 10-20% of planetary nebulae are bipolar. [2] Formation
The Boomerang Nebula is an excellent example of a bipolar outflow. Image credit: NASA, STScI. A bipolar outflow comprises two continuous flows of gas from the poles of a star. Bipolar outflows may be associated with protostars (young, forming stars), or with evolved post-AGB stars (often in the form of bipolar nebulae).
KjPn 8 is a bipolar planetary nebula which was discovered by M.A. Kazaryan and Eh. S. Parsamyan in 1971 [5] and independently by Luboš Kohoutek in 1972. [6]Very little was published about this nebula until 1995, when it was realized that KjPn 8 sits in the center of a very large filamentary nebula, 14 by 4 arc minutes in size.
Mz 3 (Menzel 3) is a young bipolar planetary nebula (PN) in the constellation Norma that is composed of a bright core and four distinct high-velocity outflows that have been named lobes, columns, rays, and chakram.
Hen 2-437 is a bipolar planetary nebula in the constellation Vulpecula. The nebula is notable for its ice blue colorisation. It was first discovered by Rudolph Minkowski in 1946. Hen 2-437 formed when a low mass star similar to our sun swelled into its red giant phase ejecting its outer layers into space. [2]
The Eskimo Nebula (NGC 2392), also known as the Clown Face Nebula, Lion Nebula, [4] or Caldwell 39, is a bipolar [5] double-shell [6] planetary nebula (PN). It was discovered by astronomer William Herschel in 1787. The formation resembles a person's head surrounded by a parka hood. It is surrounded by gas that composed the outer layers of a Sun ...
Passing through a common envelope stage is often invoked as an explanation for the bipolar shape seen in many planetary nebulae, [7] and Ou 5 does have bipolar features. The structure of the barrel-shaped nebula [2] suggests that there may have been multiple mass ejection events during the common envelope phase. [1]
IRAS 13208-6020 is a preplanetary nebula in the constellation Centaurus. These nebulae are formed from material that is shed by a central star. It was first discovered and observed during the IRAS Sky Survey. This is a relatively short-lived phenomenon that gives astronomers an opportunity to watch the early stages of planetary nebula formation ...
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