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A repeating vertical hemiola is known as polyrhythm, or more specifically, cross-rhythm.The most basic rhythmic cell of sub-Saharan Africa is the 3:2 cross-rhythm. Novotney observes: "The 3:2 relationship (and [its] permutations) is the foundation of most typical polyrhythmic textures found in West African musics."
In music, syncopation is a variety of rhythms played together to make a piece of music, making part or all of a tune or piece of music off-beat. More simply, syncopation is "a disturbance or interruption of the regular flow of rhythm": a "placement of rhythmic stresses or accents where they wouldn't normally occur". [ 1 ]
The cross-rhythmic ratio three-over-two (3:2) or vertical hemiola, is the most significant rhythmic cell found in sub-Saharan rhythms. The following measure is evenly divided by three beats and two beats. The two cycles do not share equal status though. The two bottom notes are the primary beats, the ground, the main temporal referent.
Polyrhythm: Triplets over duplets in all four beats [1] 2:3 polyrhythm (cross rhythm) as bounce inside oval Polyrhythm (/ ˈ p ɒ l i r ɪ ð əm /) is the simultaneous use of two or more rhythms that are not readily perceived as deriving from one another, or as simple manifestations of the same meter. [2]
The habanera rhythm is the duple-pulse correlate of the vertical hemiola (above). The three cross-beats of the hemiola are generated by grouping triple pulses in twos: 6 pulses ÷ 2 = 3 cross-beats. Tresillo is generated by grouping duple pulses in threes: 8 pulses ÷ 3 = 2 cross-beats (consisting of three pulses each), with a remainder of a ...
The kadodo bell pattern is an embellishment of three "slow" cross-beats spanning two measures, a type of macro "hemiola." The cross-rhythm is three-over-eight (3:8), or within the context of a single four-beat cycle (single measure), the ratio is 1.5:4. The three cross-beats are represented below as whole-notes for visual emphasis.
So "off-beat" is a musical term, commonly applied to syncopation, that emphasizes the weak even beats of a bar, as opposed to the usual on-beat. This is a fundamental technique of African polyrhythm that transferred to popular western music.
hemiola (English, from Greek) The imposition of a pattern of rhythm or articulation other than that implied by the time signature; specifically, in triple time (for example in 3 4) the imposition of a duple pattern (as if the time signature were, for example, 2 4). See Syncopation. hervortretend (Ger.) Prominent, pronounced hold, see fermata ...