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Drawdown cards are used for testing paints and coatings through wet film preparation. Black and white cards are used to measure both opacity and contrast ratio . By measuring reflectance values of both parts of the card one can gain a quantitative opacity value of a paint sample.
Drawdown charts are rectangular pieces of non-fluorescent paper [1] which are used to test a variety of coating properties. These properties include opacity , spreading rate , penetration, and flow & leveling behavior. [ 2 ]
Determining the fineness of a paint's grind is important, because too coarse a grind may reduce the paint's color uniformity, gloss, and opacity. [7] The Hegman gauge is widely used for this purpose because it requires minimal skill and only a few seconds' work.
Drawdown (economics), decline in the value of an investment, below its all-time high; Drawdown (hydrology), a lowering of a reservoir or a change in hydraulic head in an aquifer, typically due to pumping a well; Drawdown card, used for testing paints and coatings through wet film preparation; Drawdown chart, paper used to test various coating ...
Automatic film applicators vary in their construction. The most modern types of applicators use vacuum plates to hold the drawdown cards and allow a variety of application bars to be mounted. The speed and pressure of the bar can be adjusted to allow for customization of the final film thickness. The drawdown process is governed by ASTM ...
Two red pigments are used to coat two vertical panels, both black at the bottom and white at the top. The paint layer on the right panel has higher hiding, making the black and white grounds almost indistinguishable. The hiding power is an ability of a paint to hide the surface that the paint was applied to. [1]
Working in layers is used extensively in oil painting for paintings that require more than one session. For a painting that develops over several days, allowing for the oil paint to dry for a given layer, it is helpful to work with explicit painting layers.
Words with specific British English meanings that have different meanings in American and/or additional meanings common to both languages (e.g. pants, cot) are to be found at List of words having different meanings in American and British English. When such words are herein used or referenced, they are marked with the flag [DM] (different meaning).