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DIKW is a hierarchical model often depicted as a pyramid, sometimes as a chain, with data at its base and wisdom at its apex (or chain-beginning and -end). [1] [14] [4] [15] Both Zeleny and Ackoff have been credited with originating the pyramid representation, [14] although neither used a pyramid to present their ideas.
The layer pyramid exhibits at one site both complex developments concerning its substructures and simplifications concerning the building methods employed for the superstructure. According to these egyptologists, the layer pyramid is a clearly advanced version of the buried pyramid of Sekhemkhet. [4] [5] [10]
The NIST Enterprise Architecture Model is a five-layered model for enterprise architecture, designed for organizing, planning, and building an integrated set of information and information technology architectures. The five layers are defined separately but are interrelated and interwoven. [2] The model defined the interrelation as follows: [3]
Structure of the TOGAF Architecture Development Method (ADM). [1] The Open Group Architecture Framework (TOGAF) is the most used framework for enterprise architecture as of 2020 [2] that provides an approach for designing, planning, implementing, and governing an enterprise information technology architecture. [3] TOGAF is a high-level approach ...
Purdue Reference Model, “95” provides a model for enterprise control, which end users, integrators and vendors can share in integrating applications at key [5] layers in the enterprise: Level 0 — The physical process — Defines the actual physical processes. Level 1 — Intelligent devices — Sensing and manipulating the physical ...
The C4 model was created by the software architect Simon Brown between 2006 and 2011 on the roots of Unified Modelling Language (UML) and the 4+1 architectural view model. The launch of an official website under a Creative Commons license [3] and an article [4] published in 2018 popularised the emerging technique. [1]
Causal layered analysis (CLA) is a future research theory that integrates various epistemic modes, creates spaces for alternative futures, and consists of four layers: litany, social, and structural, worldview, and myth/metaphor. [1] [2] [3] The method was created by Sohail Inayatullah, a Pakistani-Australian futures studies researcher. [4]
The four-sides model also known as communication square or four-ears model is a communication model described in 1981 by German psychologist Friedemann Schulz von Thun. [2] [3] It describes the multi-layered structure of human utterances.