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It is due to a specific gene mutation in which a guanine is changed to an adenine at position 20210 of the DNA of the prothrombin gene. Other blood clotting pathway mutations that increase the risk of clots include factor V Leiden. Prothrombin G20210A was identified in the 1990s. [2]
Hyperprothrombinemia is a state of high of prothrombin levels in the blood [1] which leads to hypercoagulability. An example of a genetic cause includes the mutation prothrombin G20210A. [2] Hyperprothrombinemia is a risk factor for venous thromboembolism. [2]
[14] [15] The most common ones are factor V Leiden (a mutation in the F5 gene at position 1691) and prothrombin G20210A, a mutation in prothrombin (at position 20210 in the 3' untranslated region of the gene). [1] [16] Compound heterozygotes and homozygotes, while rare, are at significant risk of thrombosis. [13]
Anchoring of bovine prothrombin to the membrane through its Gla domain. [16] The molecular weight of prothrombin is approximately 72,000 Da. The catalytic domain is released from prothrombin fragment 1.2 to create the active enzyme thrombin, which has a molecular weight of 36,000 Da. Structurally, it is a member of the large PA clan of proteases.
Other: TCT, bleeding time, mixing test (whether an abnormality corrects if the patient's plasma is mixed with normal plasma), coagulation factor assays, antiphospholipid antibodies, D-dimer, genetic tests (e.g. factor V Leiden, prothrombin mutation G20210A), dilute Russell's viper venom time (dRVVT), miscellaneous platelet function tests ...
Antiphospholipid syndrome is known for causing arterial or venous blood clots, in any organ system, and pregnancy-related complications.While blood clots and pregnancy complications are the most common and diagnostic symptoms associated with APS, other organs and body parts may be affected like platelet levels, heart, kidneys, brain, and skin.
Activated protein C resistance (APCR) is a hypercoagulability (an increased tendency of the blood to clot) characterized by a lack of a response to activated protein C (APC), which normally helps prevent blood from clotting excessively.
Hypoprothrombinemia can be the result of a genetic defect, may be acquired as the result of another disease process, or may be an adverse effect of medication.For example, 5-10% of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus exhibit acquired hypoprothrombinemia due to the presence of autoantibodies which bind to prothrombin and remove it from the bloodstream (lupus anticoagulant ...