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Lymph (from Latin lympha 'water') [ 1 ] is the fluid that flows through the lymphatic system, a system composed of lymph vessels (channels) and intervening lymph nodes whose function, like the venous system, is to return fluid from the tissues to be recirculated. At the origin of the fluid-return process, interstitial fluid —the fluid between ...
The lymphatic system, or lymphoid system, is an organ system in vertebrates that is part of the immune system and complementary to the circulatory system. It consists of a large network of lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, lymphoid organkkkkkk s, lymphatic tissue and lymph. [1][2] Lymph is a clear fluid carried by the lymphatic vessels back to ...
Lymph capillaries or lymphatic capillaries are tiny, thin-walled microvessels located in the spaces between cells (except in the central nervous system and non-vascular tissues) which serve to drain and process extracellular fluid. Upon entering the lumen of a lymphatic capillary, the collected fluid is known as lymph.
Lymph nodes form part of the lymphatic system, and are present in most parts of the body, and connected by small lymphatic vessels. A lymph node, or lymph gland, [ 1 ] is a kidney -shaped organ of the lymphatic system and the adaptive immune system. A large number of lymph nodes are linked throughout the body by the lymphatic vessels.
The initiation of germinal center formation involves the interaction between B and T cells in the interfollicular area of the lymph node, CD40-CD40L ligation, NF-kB signaling and expression of IRF4 and BCL6. [4] GC B cells cycle through the two distinct zones of the germinal center: the light zone and the dark zone.
Formation of interstitial fluid from blood Diagram showing the formation of lymph from interstitial fluid (labeled here as "tissue fluid"). The tissue fluid is entering the blind ends of lymph capillaries (shown as deep green arrows). The arterial blood plasma, interstitial fluid and lymph interact at the level of the blood capillaries.
The Starling principle holds that extracellular fluid movements between blood and tissues are determined by differences in hydrostatic pressure and colloid osmotic pressure (oncotic pressure) between plasma inside microvessels and interstitial fluid outside them. The Starling equation, proposed many years after the death of Starling, describes ...
Oncotic pressure, or colloid osmotic-pressure, is a type of osmotic pressure induced by the plasma proteins, notably albumin, [1] in a blood vessel's plasma (or any other body fluid such as blood and lymph) that causes a pull on fluid back into the capillary. It has an effect opposing both the hydrostatic blood pressure, which pushes water and ...