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Deep learning is a subset of machine learning methods that utilize neural networks for representation learning. The field takes inspiration from biological neuroscience and is centered around stacking artificial neurons into layers and "training" them to process data.
v. t. e. In machine learning, a neural network (also artificial neural network or neural net, abbreviated ANN or NN) is a model inspired by the structure and function of biological neural networks in animal brains. [ 1 ][ 2 ] An ANN consists of connected units or nodes called artificial neurons, which loosely model the neurons in the brain.
A deep Q-network (DQN) is a type of deep learning model that combines a deep neural network with Q-learning, a form of reinforcement learning. Unlike earlier reinforcement learning agents, DQNs that utilize CNNs can learn directly from high-dimensional sensory inputs via reinforcement learning. [154]
A standard Transformer architecture, showing on the left an encoder, and on the right a decoder. Note: it uses the pre-LN convention, which is different from the post-LN convention used in the original 2017 Transformer. A transformer is a deep learning architecture developed by researchers at Google and based on the multi-head attention ...
Machine learning (ML) is a field of study in artificial intelligence concerned with the development and study of statistical algorithms that can learn from data and generalize to unseen data, and thus perform tasks without explicit instructions. [ 1 ]
Foundation model. A foundation model, also known as large AI model, is a machine learning or deep learning model that is trained on broad data such that it can be applied across a wide range of use cases. [ 1 ] Foundation models have transformed artificial intelligence (AI), powering prominent generative AI applications like ChatGPT. [ 1 ]
A feedforward neural network (FNN) is one of the two broad types of artificial neural network, characterized by direction of the flow of information between its layers. [ 2 ] Its flow is uni-directional, meaning that the information in the model flows in only one direction—forward—from the input nodes, through the hidden nodes (if any) and ...
Deep learning methods, often using supervised learning with labeled datasets, have been shown to solve tasks that involve handling complex, high-dimensional raw input data (such as images) with less manual feature engineering than prior methods, enabling significant progress in several fields including computer vision and natural language ...