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The 12 founding member states of CERN in 1954. [13]The convention establishing CERN [14] was ratified on 29 September 1954 by 12 countries in Western Europe. [15] The acronym CERN originally represented the French words for Conseil Européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire ('European Council for Nuclear Research'), which was a provisional council for building the laboratory, established by 12 ...
Synchro-Cyclotron (CERN) Coordinates: 46°13′58.7136″N 6°03′9.9468″E. The Synchro-Cyclotron, or Synchrocyclotron (SC), built in 1957, was CERN ’s first accelerator. It was in circumference and provided for CERN's first experiments in particle and nuclear physics. It accelerated particles to energies up to 600 MeV.
9780367417246 (101st ed.) Website. https://hbcp.chemnetbase.com. The CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics is a comprehensive one-volume reference resource for science research. First published in 1914, it is currently (as of 2023) in its 104th edition, published in 2023. It is known colloquially among chemists as the "Rubber Bible", as CRC ...
MEDICIS. Produces isotopes for medical purposes. The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is the world's largest and highest-energy particle accelerator. [ 1 ][ 2 ] It was built by the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) between 1998 and 2008 in collaboration with over 10,000 scientists and hundreds of universities and laboratories across ...
The LHCb (Large Hadron Collider beauty) experiment is a particle physics detector experiment collecting data at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. [1] LHCb is a specialized b-physics experiment, designed primarily to measure the parameters of CP violation in the interactions of b-hadrons (heavy particles containing a bottom quark).
Ultra-high vacuum (often spelled ultrahigh in American English, UHV) is the vacuum regime characterised by pressures lower than about 1 × 10 −6 pascals (1.0 × 10 −8 mbar; 7.5 × 10 −9 Torr). UHV conditions are created by pumping the gas out of a UHV chamber. At these low pressures the mean free path of a gas molecule is greater than ...
Following community feedback, Version 1.1 was published in July 2011 to follow the generally accepted principles of the free and open-source movements and make it easier for use by entities other than CERN. [3] [4] Version 1.2, published in September 2013, removed the obligation for licensees that modified a CERN OHL-licensed design to notify ...
Molecule builder-editor for Windows, Linux, Unix, and macOS. All source code is licensed under the GNU General Public License (GPL) version 2. Supported languages include: Chinese, English, French, German, Italian, Russian, Spanish, and Polish. Supports multi-threaded rendering and computation.