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  2. Equations for a falling body - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equations_for_a_falling_body

    Galileo was the first to demonstrate and then formulate these equations. He used a ramp to study rolling balls, the ramp slowing the acceleration enough to measure the time taken for the ball to roll a known distance. [1] [2] He measured elapsed time with a water clock, using an "extremely accurate balance" to measure the amount of water. [note 1]

  3. Exponential decay - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponential_decay

    A more intuitive characteristic of exponential decay for many people is the time required for the decaying quantity to fall to one half of its initial value. (If N(t) is discrete, then this is the median life-time rather than the mean life-time.) This time is called the half-life, and often denoted by the symbol t 1/2. The half-life can be ...

  4. Explicit and implicit methods - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Explicit_and_implicit_methods

    For such problems, to achieve given accuracy, it takes much less computational time to use an implicit method with larger time steps, even taking into account that one needs to solve an equation of the form (1) at each time step. That said, whether one should use an explicit or implicit method depends upon the problem to be solved.

  5. Lambert's problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambert's_problem

    Lambert's problem. In celestial mechanics, Lambert's problem is concerned with the determination of an orbit from two position vectors and the time of flight, posed in the 18th century by Johann Heinrich Lambert and formally solved with mathematical proof by Joseph-Louis Lagrange. It has important applications in the areas of rendezvous ...

  6. Problem of time - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Problem_of_time

    Problem of time. In theoretical physics, the problem of time is a conceptual conflict between general relativity and quantum mechanics in that quantum mechanics regards the flow of time as universal and absolute, whereas general relativity regards the flow of time as malleable and relative. [1][2] This problem raises the question of what time ...

  7. n-body problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-body_problem

    Orbit insertion. v. t. e. In physics, the n-body problem is the problem of predicting the individual motions of a group of celestial objects interacting with each other gravitationally. [ 1 ] Solving this problem has been motivated by the desire to understand the motions of the Sun, Moon, planets, and visible stars.

  8. Equations of motion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equations_of_motion

    The first general equation of motion developed was Newton's second law of motion. In its most general form it states the rate of change of momentum p = p(t) = mv(t) of an object equals the force F = F(x(t), v(t), t) acting on it, [ 13 ]: 1112. The force in the equation is not the force the object exerts.

  9. Black–Scholes model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black–Scholes_model

    The Black–Scholes / ˌblækˈʃoʊlz / [ 1 ] or Black–Scholes–Merton model is a mathematical model for the dynamics of a financial market containing derivative investment instruments. From the parabolic partial differential equation in the model, known as the Black–Scholes equation, one can deduce the Black–Scholes formula, which ...