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Multiplexing. Code-division multiple access (CDMA) is a channel access method used by various radio communication technologies. CDMA is an example of multiple access, where several transmitters can send information simultaneously over a single communication channel. This allows several users to share a band of frequencies (see bandwidth).
In 3G, the most prevalent technology was UMTS with CDMA-2000 in close contention. All radio access technologies have to solve the same problems: to divide the finite RF spectrum among multiple users as efficiently as possible. GSM uses TDMA and FDMA for user and cell separation. UMTS, IS-95 and CDMA-2000 use CDMA.
cdmaOne network structure. The IS-95 standards describe an air interface, [1] a set of protocols used between mobile units and the network. IS-95 is widely described as a three-layer stack, where L1 corresponds to the physical layer, L2 refers to the Media Access Control (MAC) and Link-Access Control (LAC) sublayers, and L3 to the call-processing state machine.
It is a backwards-compatible successor to second-generation cdmaOne (IS-95) set of standards and used especially in North America and South Korea, China, Japan, Australia and New Zealand. It was standardized in the international 3GPP2 standards body, The name CDMA2000 denotes a family of standards that represent the successive, evolutionary ...
CDMA2000 (also known as C2K or IMT Multi‑Carrier (IMT‑MC)) is a family of 3G [1] mobile technology standards for sending voice, data, and signaling data between mobile phones and cell sites. It is developed by 3GPP2 as a backwards-compatible successor to second-generation cdmaOne (IS-95) set of standards and used especially in North America ...
Gold code. A Gold code, also known as Gold sequence, is a type of binary sequence, used in telecommunication (CDMA) [1] and satellite navigation (GPS). [2] Gold codes are named after Robert Gold. [3][4] Gold codes have bounded small cross-correlations within a set, which is useful when multiple devices are broadcasting in the same frequency range.
LTE stands for Long-Term Evolution [7] and is a registered trademark owned by ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute) for the wireless data communications technology and a development of the GSM/UMTS standards. However, other nations and companies do play an active role in the LTE project.
Multi-carrier code-division multiple access (MC-CDMA) is a multiple access scheme used in OFDM -based telecommunication systems, allowing the system to support multiple users at the same time over same frequency band. MC-CDMA spreads each user symbol in the frequency domain. That is, each user symbol is carried over multiple parallel ...