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Intestinal metaplasia is the transformation of epithelium (usually of the stomach or the esophagus) into a type of epithelium resembling that found in the intestine. In the esophagus, this is called Barrett's esophagus .
Micrograph showing apocrine metaplasia of the breast with typical features [3] H&E stain. Barrett's esophagus is an abnormal change in the cells of the lower esophagus, thought to be caused by damage from chronic stomach acid exposure. The following table lists some common tissues susceptible to metaplasia, and the stimuli that can cause the ...
The most common form of colon cancer is adenocarcinoma, constituting between 95% [2] and 98% [3] of all cases of colorectal cancer. Other, rarer types include lymphoma, adenosquamous and squamous cell carcinoma. Some subtypes have been found to be more aggressive. [4]
Image of a colon showing deep ulceration due to Crohn's disease. Image of a serpiginous ulcer in the colon, a classic finding in Crohn's disease. Ileocolonoscopy is the primary procedure for diagnosing Crohn's disease in the ileum and colon, accurately identifying it in about 90% of cases. [27]
With complete metaplasia, gastric mucosa is completely transformed into small-bowel mucosa, both histologically and functionally, with the ability to absorb nutrients and secrete peptides. In incomplete metaplasia, the epithelium assumes a histologic appearance closer to that of the large intestine and frequently exhibits dysplasia .
In the colon, a field defect probably arises by natural selection of a mutant or epigenetically altered cell among the stem cells at the base of one of the intestinal crypts on the inside surface of the colon. A mutant or epigenetically altered stem cell may replace the other nearby stem cells by natural selection.
In one of the modern histopathological senses of the term, dysplasia is sometimes differentiated from other categories of tissue change including hyperplasia, metaplasia, and neoplasia, and dysplasias are thus generally not cancerous. An exception is that the myelodysplasias include a range of benign, precancerous, and cancerous forms. Various ...
Diversion colitis is an inflammation of the colon which can occur as a complication of ileostomy or colostomy, where symptoms may occur between one month and three years following surgery. [1] It also occurs frequently in a neovagina created by colovaginoplasty , with varying delay after the original procedure. [ 2 ]