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Taking = for some unknown function in Newton divided difference formulas, if the representation of x in the previous sections was instead taken to be = +, in terms of forward differences, the Newton forward interpolation formula is expressed as: () = (+) = = () whereas for the same in terms of backward differences, the Newton backward ...
In mathematics, divided differences is an algorithm, historically used for computing tables of logarithms and trigonometric functions. [citation needed] Charles Babbage's difference engine, an early mechanical calculator, was designed to use this algorithm in its operation. [1] Divided differences is a recursive division process.
Let be the Lagrange interpolation polynomial for f at x 0, ..., x n.Then it follows from the Newton form of that the highest order term of is [, …,].. Let be the remainder of the interpolation, defined by =.
This process yields p 0,4 (x), the value of the polynomial going through the n + 1 data points (x i, y i) at the point x. This algorithm needs O(n 2) floating point operations to interpolate a single point, and O(n 3) floating point operations to interpolate a polynomial of degree n.
This expression is Newton's difference quotient (also known as a first-order divided difference). The slope of this secant line differs from the slope of the tangent line by an amount that is approximately proportional to h. As h approaches zero, the slope of the secant line approaches the slope of the tangent line.
The original use of interpolation polynomials was to approximate values of important transcendental functions such as natural logarithm and trigonometric functions.Starting with a few accurately computed data points, the corresponding interpolation polynomial will approximate the function at an arbitrary nearby point.
1960, IFIP WG 2.1, ISO [8] ALGOL 68: Application Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Concurrent Yes 1968, IFIP WG 2.1, GOST 27974-88, [9] Ateji PX: Parallel application No Yes No No No No pi calculus: No APL: Application, data processing: Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Array-oriented, tacit: Yes 1989, ISO Assembly language: General Yes No No No No No
Finite differences are composed from differences in a sequence of values, or the values of a function sampled at discrete points. Finite differences are used both in interpolation and numerical analysis, and also play an important role in combinatorics and analytic number theory. The prototypical finite difference equation is the Newton series.