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It is essential to examine interventions that aim to reduce anxiety, depression, and stress during pregnancy. Mindfulness-based stress reduction has been demonstrated to reduce anxiety and depression for people with stress-related and chronic medical conditions. [38] One pilot study shows promise for the potential of a mindfulness-based ...
If more severe, it may be diagnosed as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Constipation – Constipation occurs in 11–38% of pregnant women. [29] Constipation during pregnancy is thought to be due to decreased smooth muscle motility in the bowel caused by normal increases in progesterone. [30]
In a review by Frazier et al., acute and chronic stress during pregnancy can diminish proper immunological activity crucial during pregnancy, and can possibly induce spontaneous abortion. [44] There is still a debate on whether the miscarriage is due to the depressive disease state or the anti-depressant medication.
Angry rumination may continue for weeks, months or more than a year. The frequency is similar to post-traumatic stress disorder, [51] and there is an association between the two complications. The effect on childcare is like that of severe depression, but the emotional state (furious anger, not sadness and despair) and treatment strategy are ...
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The continuity of maternal stress from during, to after, pregnancy is a progression of maternal-foetal stress transfer which is significant in impacting the infant's overall wellbeing. Postnatal maternal stress, such as postpartum depression , has an enormous impact on the emotion, mental and behavioural growth of a child, hence can aggravate ...
Examples of symptoms of childbirth-related post-traumatic stress disorder include intrusive symptoms such as flashbacks and nightmares, as well as symptoms of avoidance (including amnesia for the whole or parts of the event), uncomfortable sexual intimacy, discomfort being touched, abstinence, fear of pregnancy, and avoidance of birth- and pregnancy-related issues.
An elevated level of stress during pregnancy leads to notorious pregnancy outcomes, including preterm birth, low birth weight, and mental health problems for the mother. Prolonged effects of chronic stressors such as discrimination, intimate partner violence, housing issues, and poverty lead to widespread maternal health issues and adverse ...