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This comparison of orbital launch systems lists the attributes of all current and future individual rocket configurations designed to reach orbit. A first list contains rockets that are operational or have attempted an orbital flight attempt as of 2024; a second list includes all upcoming rockets.
Engine Origin Designer Vehicle Status Use Propellant Power cycle Specific impulse (s) [a] Thrust (N) [a] Chamber pressure (bar) Mass (kg) Thrust: weight ratio [b] Oxidiser: fuel ratio
ISRO's launch vehicles. Left to right: SLV, ASLV, PSLV, GSLV, LVM3 RLV Human Rated Launch Vehicle (HRLV) Vikram series, the under development orbital class launch family of Skyroot Aerospace in comparison with already flown Vikram S, the sounding rocket
A super heavy-lift launch vehicle is a rocket that can lift to low Earth orbit a "super heavy payload", which is defined as more than 50 metric tons (110,000 lb) [1] [2] by the United States and as more than 100 metric tons (220,000 lb) by Russia. [3]
Nulka is an Australian-designed and -developed active missile decoy built by an American/Australian collaboration. [1] [2] Used aboard warships of the United States Navy, Royal Australian Navy, United States Coast Guard and Royal Canadian Navy, [3] Nulka is a rocket-propelled, disposable, offboard, active decoy designed to lure anti-ship missiles away from their targets.
When stacked and fully fueled, Starship has a mass of approximately 5,000 t (11,000,000 lb), [c] a diameter of 9 m (30 ft) [17] and a height of 121.3 m (398 ft). [6] The rocket has been designed with the goal of being fully reusable to reduce launch costs; [18] it consists of the Super Heavy booster and the Starship upper stage [19] which are powered by Raptor and Raptor Vacuum engines.
Booster 7 and Ship 24 conducted several static fire and spin prime tests before launch, [82]: 20 [83] with the first such test doing significant damage to Booster 7 on July 11, 2022. [84] After a launch attempt aborted on April 17, 2023, [ 85 ] Booster 7 and Ship 24 lifted off on April 20 at 13:33 UTC in the first orbital flight test. [ 7 ]
The earliest space vehicles were expendable launch systems, using a single or multistage rocket to carry a relatively small spacecraft in proportion to the total vehicle size and mass. [1] An early exception to this, the Space Shuttle , consisted of a reusable orbital vehicle carrying crew and payload, supported by an expendable external ...