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Michael Lawrence Marrow (August 2, 1955 – December 12, 2019), [1] known as PHASE 2 and Lonny Wood, was an American aerosol paint artist based in New York City.Mostly active in the 1970s, Phase 2 is generally credited with originating the "bubble letter" style of aerosol writing, also known as "softies".
Complex and elaborate graffiti writing had previously been known by various names such as "mechanical letters" and "bubble letters". Its first instances were generated as early as 1970, by prominent writers like RIF, Phase 2, and Stan 153 and the crews that they founded in the early 1970s centered around Manhattan subway lines and surrounds.
[2] [3] Bubble lettering was popular among perpetrators from the Bronx, but was replaced with a new "wildstyle", a term coined by Tracy 168 and a legendary original Graffiti crew with over 500 members including Blade, QUIK, Cope 2, T Kid 170, Cap, Juice 177, and Dan Plasma. [4] [5] Graffiti tags started to grow in style and size. [3]
A hollow throw up using the letters SPLEEN. Note the consistency in letter form and height. Throw ups, [a] or throwies, are a form of graffiti that fall between tags and pieces in complexity. [1] The name comes from the way they are designed to be "thrown" onto a surface as quickly as possible. They are almost always done with aerosol paint. [2]
Calligraffiti is an art form that combines calligraphy, typography, and graffiti. It can be classified as either abstract expressionism or abstract vandalism. It is defined as a visual art that integrates letters into compositions that attempt to communicate a broader message through writing that has been aesthetically altered to move beyond ...
Many people unfamiliar with graffiti forms can find it difficult to distinguish the letters in more elaborate pieces. [2] While straight-letters are pieces with clear letters that prioritise legibility, wildstyle pieces have extremely exaggerated letters forms with multiple extensions and add-ons, and are often illegible to many people.
Graffiti in Camden after modification by Banksy and Robbo. In 1985, 15-year-old Robbo painted a graffiti work under the British Transport Police Headquarters on a wall beside Regent's Canal [5] in Camden, London which was only accessible by water. A large full colour graffiti piece, called "Robbo Incorporated", it had over the years become the ...