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Xeroderma, xerosis or xerosis cutis, or simply dry skin, is a skin condition characterized by excessively dry skin. [2] The term derives from Greek ξηρός (xeros) 'dry' and δέρμα (derma) 'skin'. In most cases, dry skin can safely be treated with moisturizers (also called emollients).
[1] [2] [3] In the elderly, xerosis, is the most common cause for an itch due to the degradation of the skin barrier over time. [4] However, the cause of senile pruritus is not clearly known. [5] Diagnosis is based on an elimination criteria during a full body examination that can be done by either a dermatologist or non-dermatologist physician ...
Xerosis is a contributing factor to pruritus and is present in 50–85% of patients with uremic pruritus. [16] Many studies have shown that emollients such as glycerol and paraffin, [17] physiological lipids, [18] 10% urea and dexpanthenol, [19] and baby oil [20] can reduce xerosis and pruritus in patients with uremic pruritus.
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The skin weighs an average of four kilograms, covers an area of two square metres, and is made of three distinct layers: the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue. [1] The two main types of human skin are: glabrous skin, the hairless skin on the palms and soles (also referred to as the "palmoplantar" surfaces), and hair-bearing skin. [3]
It is also injected into lesions to treat inflammation in some parts of the body, particularly the skin. In nasal spray form, it is used to treat allergic rhinitis. It is used for the treatment of macular edema associated with uveitis. [11] It is a more potent derivative of triamcinolone, and is about eight times as potent as prednisone. [14]
Appearance of C. xerosis colonies on blood agar. Corynebacterium xerosis is a gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium in the genus Corynebacterium.Although it is frequently a harmless commensal organism living on the skin and in the mucous membranes, C. xerosis is also a clinically relevant opportunistic pathogen that has been attributed to many different infections in animals and humans.
As of 2024, there is no treatment for cutis laxa. Procedures aimed at mitigating symptoms and identifying subsequent conditions are often advised. No pharmacological agent has been able to stop the progression of the disease. [15] However, cosmetic surgeries are potentially an option as cutis laxa does not generally involve vascular fragility. [15]