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Therefore John Joyce's research into low NO x burners revolved primarily around surface combustion techniques. Another issue was the effect combustion temperatures have on the formation of NO x . John Joyce's task became even more challenging when he decided not to direct his development towards radiant type surface combustion tiles.
Another method of fuel staged combustion is fuel biasing. In fuel biasing, combustion is staged by diverting fuel from the upper-level burners to the lower ones or from the center to the side burners. The aim is to create a fuel-rich lower or central zone and a fuel-lean upper or side zone in order to achieve complete burnout.
The amount of NOx produced depends on the combustion temperature. [2] When the combustion takes place at a lower temperature the NOx emissions are reduced. [2] Gas turbines with DLE technology were developed to achieve lower emissions without using water or steam to reduce combustion temperature (Wet Low Emission (WLE) technology).
Preassembled process unit for air pollution control, i.e., a thermal oxidizer, being installed at a work site. Schematic of a basic thermal oxidizer A thermal oxidizer (also known as thermal oxidiser , or thermal incinerator ) is a process unit for air pollution control in many chemical plants that decomposes hazardous gases at a high ...
The main drawback of lean-burning is that a complex catalytic converter system is required to reduce NOx emissions. Lean-burn engines do not work well with modern 3-way catalytic converter—which require a pollutant balance at the exhaust port so they can carry out oxidation and reduction reactions—so most modern engines tend to cruise and ...
Some HRSGs include supplemental, or duct firing. These additional burners provide additional energy to the HRSG, which produces more steam and hence increases the output of the steam turbine. Generally, duct firing provides electrical output at lower capital cost. It is therefore often utilized for peaking operations.
In a typical ICE, combustion occurs via a flame. Hence at any point in time, only a fraction of the total fuel is burning. This results in low peak pressures and low energy release rates. In HCCI however, the entire fuel/air mixture ignites and burns over a much smaller time interval, resulting in high peak pressures and high energy release rates.
T-s diagram for the ideal/real ORC. The working principle of the organic Rankine cycle is the same as that of the Rankine cycle: the working fluid is pumped to a boiler where it is evaporated, passed through an expansion device (turbine, [3] screw, [4] scroll, [5] or other expander), and then through a condenser heat exchanger where it is finally re-condensed.