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In these cases, it has been suggested that the toxic metabolite is produced more in the kidneys than in the liver. [ 15 ] The third phase follows at 3 to 5 days, and is marked by complications of massive liver necrosis leading to fulminant liver failure with complications of coagulation defects, low blood sugar , kidney failure, hepatic ...
Tylenol can be used to treat a few different conditions, such as: mild to moderate pain, fever, headaches, muscle aches, toothaches, backaches, colds, and discomfort from a vaccine, says Walia.
NSAIDs caused no adverse effects on renal function in healthy dogs subjected to anesthesia. [11] [12] [13] Most healthy kidneys contain enough physiologic reserve to compensate for this NSAID-induced decrease in blood flow. However, those subjected to additional injury from phenacetin or paracetamol may progress to analgesic nephropathy.
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a cause of acute and chronic liver disease caused specifically by medications and the most common reason for a drug to be withdrawn from the market after approval. The liver plays a central role in transforming and clearing chemicals and is susceptible to the toxicity from these agents.
[88] [90] Paracetamol is metabolized by the liver and is hepatotoxic; side effects may be more likely in chronic alcoholics or patients with liver damage. [ 87 ] [ 91 ] Until 2010 paracetamol was believed safe in pregnancy however, in a study published in October 2010 it has been linked to infertility in the adult life of the unborn. [ 92 ]
NAPQI, also known as NAPBQI or N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine, is a toxic byproduct produced during the xenobiotic metabolism of the analgesic paracetamol (acetaminophen). [1] It is normally produced only in small amounts, and then almost immediately detoxified in the liver.
Nephrotoxicity is toxicity in the kidneys. It is a poisonous effect of some substances, both toxic chemicals and medications, on kidney function. [1] There are various forms, [2] and some drugs may affect kidney function in more than one way. Nephrotoxins are substances displaying nephrotoxicity.
The most common side effects include sleepiness, dizziness, trouble breathing, and abdominal pain. [4] Other severe side effects may include liver problems, confusion, addiction, and allergic reactions. [4] Frequent use may result in medication overuse headache. [8] Barbiturate withdrawal may occur if rapidly stopped following long term use. [9]