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The atoll of Tetiʻaroa in French Polynesia. An atoll (/ ˈ æ t. ɒ l,-ɔː l,-oʊ l, ə ˈ t ɒ l,-ˈ t ɔː l,-ˈ t oʊ l /) [1] is a ring-shaped island, including a coral rim that encircles a lagoon. There may be coral islands or cays on the rim. [2] [3] Atolls are located in warm tropical or subtropical parts of the oceans and seas where ...
There are two types of lagoons, coastal and oceanic/atoll lagoons. [19] A coastal lagoon is, as the definition above, simply a body of water that is separated from the ocean by a barrier. An atoll lagoon is a circular coral reef or several coral islands that surround a lagoon. Atoll lagoons are often much deeper than coastal lagoons. [20]
Canton Island typifies the isolated coral atolls dotting the Pacific Ocean. The Structure and Distribution of Coral Reefs, Being the first part of the geology of the voyage of the Beagle, under the command of Capt. Fitzroy, R.N. during the years 1832 to 1836, was published in 1842 as Charles Darwin's first monograph, and set out his theory of the formation of coral reefs and atolls.
Atoll – Ring-shaped coral reef; Arch – Arch-shaped natural rock formation; Ayre – Shingle beaches in Orkney and Shetland; Barrier bar – Natural submerged sandbank that rises from a body of water to near the surface
The reef flat is the shoreward, flat, broadest area of the reef. The reef flat is found in fairly shallow water and can be uncovered during low tide.This area of the reef is only slightly sloped towards the open ocean. [5]
Formation of an atoll according to Charles Darwin. Atolls or atoll reefs are a more or less circular or continuous barrier reef that extends all the way around a lagoon without a central island. [51] They are usually formed from fringing reefs around volcanic islands. [42] Over time, the island erodes away and sinks below sea level. [42]
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Conversely, an atoll is a ring reef with no land present. The reef front, facing the ocean, is a high energy locale. Whereas, the internal lagoon will be at a lower energy with fine grained sediments.