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A duodenal biopsy may incidentally detect Giardia organisms, as in this H&E stained sample. [33] According to the CDC, the detection of antigens on the surface of organisms in stool specimens is the current test of choice for diagnosis of giardiasis and provides increased sensitivity over more common microscopy techniques. [34]
The parasite Giardia duodenalis can be found all over the world, in both developing and industrialized nations. However, it is most commonly found in tropical and temperate climates. [20] Giardia duodenalis is common around the world because the parasite resides in bodies of water; typically rivers, lakes, and recreational swimming pools. [21]
Irritable bowel syndrome, or IBS, is among the most common gastrointestinal conditions today.It affects some 10% to 15% of people in the U.S., per the American College of Gastroenterology.A ...
About 40 species have been described, but most of them are probably synonyms. [11] Currently, five to six morphologically distinct species are recognised. [12] Giardia duodenalis (=G. intestinalis, =G. lamblia) infect humans and other mammals, G. microti infects voles, G. muris is found in other mammals, G. ardeae and G. psittaci in birds, and G. agilis in amphibians. [4]
Breath tests have their own reliability problems with a high rate of false positive. Some doctors factor in a patients' response to treatment as part of the diagnosis. [4] Biopsies of the small bowel in bacterial overgrowth can mimic celiac disease, with partial villous atrophy. Breath tests have been developed to test for bacterial overgrowth.
Giardia lamblia is most common, but Entamoeba histolytica, Cryptosporidium spp., and other species have also been implicated. [13] [34] As a group, these agents comprise about 10% of cases in children. [24] [34] Giardia occurs more commonly in the developing world, but this type of illness can occur nearly everywhere. [36]
[3] [4] Most acute or severe cases of diarrhea have treatment guidelines revolving around prescription or non prescription (also known as over the counter or OTC) medications based on the cause, but the treatment protocols for chronic diarrhea focus on replenishing the body with lost fluids and electrolytes, because there typically isn't a ...
Side effects in humans may include poor coordination, abdominal pain, vomiting, headache, and allergic reactions. [4] While it may be used during pregnancy, it is not recommended for use during breastfeeding. [4] Praziquantel is in the anthelmintic class of medications. [3] It works partly by affecting the function of the worm's sucker. [3]