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For these purposes, knowledge can be both actual and constructive—i.e., the court can impute knowledge where appropriate. There is no problem when the alleged criminal actually intended to cause the particular harm. Things are more difficult when the defendant denies actual knowledge. When evaluating behavior, the legal process assumes the ...
In law, knowledge is one of the degrees of mens rea that constitute part of a crime.For example, in English law, the offence of knowingly being a passenger in a vehicle taken without consent requires that the prosecution prove not only that the defendant was a passenger in a vehicle and that it was taken by the driver without consent, but also that the defendant knew that it was taken without ...
Mean imputation can be carried out within classes (i.e. categories such as gender), and can be expressed as ^ = ¯ where ^ is the imputed value for record and ¯ is the sample mean of respondent data within some class . This is a special case of generalized regression imputation:
For example, in English law, s. 18 of the Offences against the Person Act 1861 defines the actus reus as causing grievous bodily harm but requires that this be performed: unlawfully and maliciously – the modern interpretation of "malice" for these purposes is either intent or recklessness, "unlawfully" means without some lawful excuse (such ...
Imputation (law), the concept that ignorance of the law does not excuse; Imputation (statistics), substitution of some value for missing data; Imputation (genetics), estimation of unmeasured genotypes; Theory of imputation, the theory that factor prices are determined by output prices
Presumed knowledge of the law is the principle in jurisprudence that one is bound by a law even if one does not know of it. It has also been defined as the "prohibition of ignorance of the law". The concept comes from Roman law, and is expressed in the brocard ignorantia legis non excusat.
Vicarious liability is a form of a strict, secondary liability that arises under the common law doctrine of agency, respondeat superior, the responsibility of the superior for the acts of their subordinate or, in a broader sense, the responsibility of any third party that had the "right, ability, or duty to control" the activities of a violator.
The harshness of the doctrine of constructive notice is somewhat reduced by the "Rule of Indoor management" or "Turquand's Rule". The rule derives its name from the case of Royal British Bank v Turquand, where the defendant was the liquidator of the insolvent Cameron's Coalbrook Steam, Coal and Swansea and Loughor Railway Company.