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A vascular headache is an outdated term to describe certain types of headache which were thought to be related to blood vessel swelling and hyperemia as cause of pain. [ citation needed ] There is no doubt that some headaches are caused by vascular effects.
These headaches are typically bilateral, very severe and peak in intensity within a minute. [1] They may last from minutes to days, and may be accompanied by nausea, photophobia, phonophobia or vomiting. [1] Some patients experience only one headache, but on average there are four attacks over a period of one to four weeks. [1]
The most frequently observed problems related to a cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM) are headaches and seizures, cranial nerve afflictions including pinched nerve and palsy, [2] [3] backaches, neckaches, and nausea from coagulated blood that has made its way down to be dissolved in the cerebrospinal fluid.
Ischemia is the loss of blood flow to the focal region of the brain. This produces heterogeneous areas of ischemia at the affected vascular region, furthermore, blood flow is limited to a residual flow. Regions with blood flow of less than 10 mL/100 g of tissue/min are core regions (cells here die within minutes of a stroke).
Failure of normal autoregulation and an abrupt rise in systemic vascular resistance are typical initial components of the disease process. [6] Hypertensive emergency pathophysiology includes: [citation needed] Abrupt increase in systemic vascular resistance, likely related to humoral vasoconstrictors; Endothelial injury and dysfunction
Symptoms of AVMs vary according to their location. Most neurological AVMs produce few to no symptoms.Often the malformation is discovered as part of an autopsy or during treatment of an unrelated disorder (an "incidental finding"); in rare cases, its expansion or a micro-bleed from an AVM in the brain can cause epilepsy, neurological deficit, or pain.
The first manifestation of these symptoms is a severe headache. Headache occurs in greater than 75% of patients. [10] The patient becomes restless. Alterations in consciousness may follow several hours later, which include impaired judgement and memory, confusion, somnolence and stupor.
Simple vascular thrombosis usually only affects the luminal process, but through the process of thrombus organization, it can also occasionally cause a more chronic vasculitic syndrome. The autoimmune etiologies, a particular family of diseases characterized by dysregulated immune responses that produce particular pathophysiologic signs and ...