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Nail abnormalities in ED often manifest as dysplastic or poorly formed nails. Affected individuals may have thin, brittle, or ridged nails that are prone to splitting and breaking. In severe cases, nails may be entirely absent or exhibit atypical growth patterns, including spoon-like (koilonychia) or thickened (pachyonychia) appearances. [1] [2]
Onychomadesis is a periodic idiopathic shedding of the nails beginning at the proximal end, possibly caused by the temporary arrest of the function of the nail matrix. [1]: 784 [2]: 660 One cause in children is hand, foot, and mouth disease. [3] This generally resolves without complication.
While Beau's lines are actual ridges and indentations in the nail plate, Muehrcke lines are areas of hypopigmentation without palpable ridges; they affect the underlying nail bed, and not the nail itself. Beau's lines should also be distinguished from Mees' lines of the fingernails, which are areas of discoloration in the nail plate.
Nail–patella syndrome is a genetic disorder that results in small, poorly developed nails and kneecaps, but can also affect many other areas of the body, such as the elbows, chest, and hips. The name "nail–patella" can be very misleading because the syndrome often affects many other areas of the body, including even the production of ...
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Nail clubbing - nails that curve down around the fingertips with nailbeds that bulge is associated with oxygen deprivation and lung, heart, or liver disease. Koilonychia - spooning, or nails that grow upwards. Associated with iron-deficiency anaemia or vitamin B 12 deficiency. [citation needed] Pitting of the nails is associated with psoriasis.
Chevron nail, also known as a herringbone nail, is a rare transient fingernail ridge pattern seen in children, a ridge arising from the proximal nailfold and converging in a V-shaped pattern towards the midpoint distally. [1]: 786 The nail growth pattern has no known association with medical problems and tends to resolve by early adulthood. [2]
When the condition occurs on all the twenty nails of the fingers and toes, it is known as twenty-nail dystrophy, most evident in childhood, [4] favoring males. [ 2 ] [ 5 ] Trachyonychia causes the nails to become opalescent, thin, dull, fragile, and finely longitudinally ridged, and, as a result, distally notched. [ 6 ]