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An agency cost is an economic concept that refers to the costs associated with the relationship between a "principal" (an organization, person or group of persons), and an "agent". The agent is given powers to make decisions on behalf of the principal.
In economic theory, the principal-agent approach (also called agency theory) is part of the field contract theory. [36] [37] In agency theory, it is typically assumed that complete contracts can be written, an assumption also made in mechanism design theory. Hence, there are no restrictions on the class of feasible contractual arrangements ...
When ownership and control is divided within a company, agency costs arise. However agency costs decline if the ownership within the company increases as managers are responsible for a larger shares of these costs. On the other hand, giving ownership to a manager within a company may translate into greater voting power which makes the manager's ...
Contract theory in economics began with 1991 Nobel Laureate Ronald H. Coase's 1937 article "The Nature of the Firm". Coase notes that "the longer the duration of a contract regarding the supply of goods or services due to the difficulty of forecasting, then the less likely and less appropriate it is for the buyer to specify what the other party should do."
Ronald Coase set out his transaction cost theory of the firm in 1937, making it one of the first (neo-classical) attempts to define the firm theoretically in relation to the market. [6] One aspect of its 'neoclassicism' lies in presenting an explanation of the firm consistent with constant returns to scale , rather than relying on increasing ...
The classical version of the hypothesis goes back to Kraus and Litzenberger [1] who considered a balance between the dead-weight costs of bankruptcy and the tax saving benefits of debt. Often agency costs are also included in the balance. This theory is often set up as a competitor theory to the pecking order theory of capital structure. [2]
The agency was created by the Dodd-Frank Act in 2010 and is charged with ensuring a well-functioning marketplace that works for borrowers and lenders alike, in addition to protecting consumers ...
In economics, an agent is an actor (more specifically, a decision maker) in a model of some aspect of the economy.Typically, every agent makes decisions by solving a well- or ill-defined optimization or choice problem.