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Direct normal irradiance (DNI), or beam radiation, is measured at the surface of the Earth at a given location with a surface element perpendicular to the Sun direction. [ 6 ] [ failed verification ] It excludes diffuse solar radiation (radiation that is scattered or reflected by atmospheric components).
SMARTS can be used for example to evaluate the energy production of solar panels under variable atmospheric conditions. Many other applications are possible. Direct normal irradiance spectra calculated with SMARTS 2.9.5 for increasing air mass (0 to 10), using the same atmospheric conditions as the ASTM G173 standard.
The global irradiance on a horizontal surface on Earth consists of the direct irradiance E e,dir and diffuse irradiance E e,diff. On a tilted plane, there is another irradiance component, E e,refl, which is the component that is reflected from the ground. The average ground reflection is about 20% of the global irradiance.
Direct insolation is the insolation measured at a given location on Earth with a surface element perpendicular to the Sun's rays, excluding diffuse insolation (the solar radiation that is scattered or reflected by atmospheric components in the sky).
Points are Langley extrapolation to top of atmosphere of direct solar radiation measured at Niamey, Niger 24 December 2006. Compared with Planck functions with the wavelength in micrometers. The requirement for good Langley plots is a constant atmosphere (constant ). This requirement can be fulfilled only under particular conditions, since the ...
The Office of Naval Research defines DEWs as “electromagnetic systems capable of converting chemical or electrical energy to radiated energy and focusing it on a target, resulting in physical ...
Diffuse sky radiation is solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface after having been scattered from the direct solar beam by molecules or particulates in the atmosphere. It is also called sky radiation , the determinative process for changing the colors of the sky .
When the direct radiation is not blocked by clouds, it is experienced as sunshine. The warming of the ground (and other objects) depends on the absorption of the electromagnetic radiation in the form of heat. The amount of radiation intercepted by a planetary body varies inversely with the square of the distance between the star and the planet.
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