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Other than the few bulls needed for breeding, the vast majority of male cattle are castrated as calves and are used as oxen or slaughtered for meat before the age of three years. Thus, in a pastured herd, any calves or herd bulls usually are clearly distinguishable from the cows due to distinctively different sizes and clear anatomical differences.
Cattle feedlot in Colorado, United States. Animal husbandry is the branch of agriculture concerned with animals that are raised for meat, fibre, milk, or other products.It includes day-to-day care, management, production, nutrition, selective breeding, and the raising of livestock.
Mature female cattle are called cows and mature male cattle are bulls. Young female cattle are called heifers, young male cattle are oxen or bullocks, and castrated male cattle are known as steers. Cattle are commonly raised for meat, for dairy products, and for leather. As draft animals, they pull carts and farm implements.
Despite this, 3/4th of the 32 pounds (14.52 kg) of feed cattle consume each day will be corn. [15] Cattle weighing 1000 lbs. will drink an average of 41 L a day, and approximately 82 L in hot weather. [16] They need a constant supply of good quality feed and potable water according to the 5 Freedoms of Animal Welfare. [17]
A bull is typically ready for slaughter one or two months sooner than a castrated male or a female, and produces proportionately more and leaner muscle. [24] Frame score is a useful way of describing the skeletal size of bulls and other cattle. Frame scores can be used as an aid to predict mature cattle sizes and aid in the selection of beef bulls.
A commercial steer or bull calf is expected to put on about 32 to 36 kg (71 to 79 lb) per month. A nine-month-old steer or bull is therefore expected to weigh about 250 to 270 kg (550 to 600 lb). Heifers will weigh at least 200 kg (440 lb) at eight months of age. 150 days old calf
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The effect was to raise output at the cost of increased inputs such as of animal feed and veterinary medicines, as well as of animal disease and environmental pollution. [7] In 1966, the United States, the United Kingdom and other industrialized nations, began factory farming of beef and dairy cattle and domestic pigs. [ 8 ]