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Ontology. Ontology is the philosophical study of being. As one of the most fundamental concepts, being encompasses all of reality and every entity within it. To articulate the basic structure of being, ontology examines what all entities have in common and how they are divided into fundamental classes, known as categories.
Individuals (instances) are the basic, "ground level" components of an ontology. The individuals in an ontology may include concrete objects such as people, animals, tables, automobiles, molecules, and planets, as well as abstract individuals such as numbers and words (although there are differences of opinion as to whether numbers and words are classes or individuals).
The Unified Foundational Ontology (UFO). [1] [2] is an ontological framework developed in the early 2000s with the objective of providing foundational support for conceptual modeling. It synthesizes elements from formal ontology, cognitive science, linguistics, and philosophical logic to inform the structure and semantics of conceptual models.
In ontology, the theory of categories concerns itself with the categories of being: the highest genera or kinds of entities. [1] To investigate the categories of being, or simply categories, is to determine the most fundamental and the broadest classes of entities. [2] A distinction between such categories, in making the categories or applying ...
The ontological turn is an increased interest in ontology within a number of philosophical and academic disciplines during the early 2000s. The ontological turn in anthropology is not concerned with anthropological notions of culture, epistemology, nor world views. [1] Instead, the ontological turn generates interest in being in the world and ...
Applied ontology is the application of Ontology for practical purposes. This can involve employing ontological methods or resources to specific domains, [1] such as management, relationships, biomedicine, information science or geography. [2][3] Alternatively, applied ontology can aim more generally at developing improved methodologies for ...
according to the various categories or ways of addressing a being as such. according to its truth or falsity (e.g., fake gold, counterfeit money) whether it exists in and of itself or simply 'comes along' by accident. according to its potency, movement (energy) or finished presence ( Metaphysics Book Theta ).
An ontology is a description (like a formal specification of a program) of the concepts and relationships that can formally exist for an agent or a community of agents. This definition is consistent with the usage of ontology as set of concept definitions, but more general. And it is a different sense of the word than its use in philosophy. [18]