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In unilateral ECT, both electrodes are placed on the same side of the patient's head. Unilateral ECT may be used first to minimize side effects such as memory loss. In bilateral ECT, the two electrodes are placed on opposite sides of the head. Usually bitemporal placement is used, whereby the electrodes are placed on the temples.
The client can exhibit side effects such as nausea, headache, muscle stiffness, transient confusion, and temporary memory loss. [1] “The most disturbing and severe side effect of ECT is memory loss. It is believed that this side effect is attributable to the electricity that is passed through the brain”. [7] “Most people return to ...
Caffeine's effects on short term and working memory have been investigated in relation to the tip of the tongue effect. Older research suggests that caffeine decreases the number and duration of tip of the tongue effects by improving short-term memory capacity. [citation needed] More recent research has shown that improved performance ...
In neurology, retrograde amnesia (RA) is the inability to access memories or information from before an injury or disease occurred. [1] RA differs from a similar condition called anterograde amnesia (AA), which is the inability to form new memories following injury or disease onset. [2] Although an individual can have both RA and AA at the same ...
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a noninvasive form of brain stimulation in which a changing magnetic field is used to induce an electric current at a specific area of the brain through electromagnetic induction. An electric pulse generator, or stimulator, is connected to a magnetic coil connected to the scalp.
The most frequent side effects of ECT include memory impairment, headaches, and muscle aches. [14] In some instances, ECT can produce significant and long-lasting cognitive impairment, including anterograde amnesia, and retrograde amnesia. [83]
Insulin shock therapy. Insulin shock therapy or insulin coma therapy was a form of psychiatric treatment in which patients were repeatedly injected with large doses of insulin in order to produce daily comas over several weeks. [1] It was introduced in 1927 by Austrian-American psychiatrist Manfred Sakel and used extensively in the 1940s and ...
Aside from effects in the brain, the general physical risks of ECT are similar to those of brief general anesthesia. [144]: 259 Immediately following treatment, the most common adverse effects are confusion and memory loss. [140] [145] ECT is considered one of the least harmful treatment options available for severely depressed pregnant women ...
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