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CTCF. Transcriptional repressor CTCF also known as 11-zinc finger protein or CCCTC-binding factor is a transcription factor that in humans is encoded by the CTCF gene. [5][6] CTCF is involved in many cellular processes, including transcriptional regulation, insulator activity, V (D)J recombination [7] and regulation of chromatin architecture.
Insulator (genetics) An insulator is a type of cis-regulatory element known as a long-range regulatory element. Found in multicellular eukaryotes and working over distances from the promoter element of the target gene, an insulator is typically 300 bp to 2000 bp in length. [1] Insulators contain clustered binding sites for sequence specific DNA ...
Chromosome conformation capture techniques (often abbreviated to 3C technologies or 3C-based methods [1]) are a set of molecular biology methods used to analyze the spatial organization of chromatin in a cell. These methods quantify the number of interactions between genomic loci that are nearby in 3-D space, but may be separated by many ...
Insulated neighborhoods are defined as chromosome loops that are formed by CTCF homodimers, co-bound with cohesin, and containing at least one gene. [ 13][ 14] The CTCF/cohesin-bound regions delimiting an insulated neighborhood are called "anchors." One study in human Embryonic stem cells identified ~13,000 insulated neighborhoods that, on ...
The protein CTCF is involved in repressing expression of the gene, by binding to the H19 imprinting control region (ICR) along with Differentially-methylated Region-1 (DMR1) and Matrix Attachment Region −3 (MAR3). These three DNA sequences bind to CTCF in a way that limits downstream enhancer access to the IGF2 region. The mechanism in which ...
Topologically associating domain. A topologically associating domain (TAD) is a self-interacting genomic region, meaning that DNA sequences within a TAD physically interact with each other more frequently than with sequences outside the TAD. [1] The median size of a TAD in mouse cells is 880 kb, and they have similar sizes in non-mammalian ...
Cohesin is a protein complex that mediates sister chromatid cohesion, homologous recombination, and DNA looping. Cohesin is formed of SMC3, SMC1, SCC1 and SCC3 (SA1 or SA2 in humans). Cohesin holds sister chromatids together after DNA replication until anaphase when removal of cohesin leads to separation of sister chromatids.
transcriptional regulation – controlling the rate of gene transcription for example by helping or hindering RNA polymerase binding to DNA. transcription – the process of making RNA from a DNA template by RNA polymerase. transcription factor – a substance, such as a protein, that contributes to the cause of a specific biochemical reaction ...