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Checked. In chemistry, orbital hybridisation (or hybridization) is the concept of mixing atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals (with different energies, shapes, etc., than the component atomic orbitals) suitable for the pairing of electrons to form chemical bonds in valence bond theory. For example, in a carbon atom which forms four ...
The bond angle for water is 104.5°. Valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory (/ ˈvɛspər, vəˈsɛpər / VESP-ər, [1]: 410 və-SEP-ər[2]) is a model used in chemistry to predict the geometry of individual molecules from the number of electron pairs surrounding their central atoms. [3] It is also named the Gillespie-Nyholm ...
Contributing structures of the carbonate ion. In chemistry, resonance, also called mesomerism, is a way of describing bonding in certain molecules or polyatomic ions by the combination of several contributing structures (or forms, [1] also variously known as resonance structures or canonical structures) into a resonance hybrid (or hybrid structure) in valence bond theory.
A three-center two-electron (3c–2e) bond is an electron-deficient chemical bond where three atoms share two electrons. The combination of three atomic orbitals form three molecular orbitals: one bonding, one non -bonding, and one anti -bonding. The two electrons go into the bonding orbital, resulting in a net bonding effect and constituting a ...
Nucleic acid hybridization. In molecular biology, hybridization (or hybridisation) is a phenomenon in which single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules anneal to complementary DNA or RNA. [1] Though a double-stranded DNA sequence is generally stable under physiological conditions, changing these conditions in ...
In chemistry, valence bond (VB) theory is one of the two basic theories, along with molecular orbital (MO) theory, that were developed to use the methods of quantum mechanics to explain chemical bonding. It focuses on how the atomic orbitals of the dissociated atoms combine to give individual chemical bonds when a molecule is formed.
Bent's rule. Shape of water molecule showing that the real bond angle 104.5° deviates from the ideal sp 3 angle of 109.5°. In chemistry, Bent's rule describes and explains the relationship between the orbital hybridization and the electronegativities of substituents. [1][2] The rule was stated by Henry A. Bent as follows: [2] Atomic s ...
Water (H. 2O) is a simple triatomic bent molecule with C 2v molecular symmetry and bond angle of 104.5° between the central oxygen atom and the hydrogen atoms. Despite being one of the simplest triatomic molecules, its chemical bonding scheme is nonetheless complex as many of its bonding properties such as bond angle, ionization energy, and ...