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This article lists a number of common generic forms in place names in the British Isles, their meanings and some examples of their use. The study of place names is called toponymy ; for a more detailed examination of this subject in relation to British and Irish place names, refer to Toponymy in the United Kingdom and Ireland .
The place type in the list for Scotland records all inhabited areas as City. According to British government definitions, there are only eight Scottish cities; [1] they are Aberdeen, Dundee, Dunfermline, Edinburgh, Glasgow, Inverness, Perth and Stirling. The other locations may be described by such terms as town, burgh, village, hamlet ...
Ancient (bracketed) and modern places in the Iberian Peninsula which have names containing the Celtic elements -brigā or -bris < -brixs 'hill, hillfort'. The Celtic toponymy of Galicia is the whole of the ancient or modern place, river, or mountain names which were originated inside a Celtic language, and thus have Celtic etymology, and which are or were located inside the limits of modern ...
Norman toponymy. Placenames in Normandy have a variety of origins. Some belong to the common heritage of the Langue d'oïl extension zone in northern France and Belgium; this is called "Pre-Normanic". Others contain Old Norse and Old English male names and toponymic appellatives.
The Medieval Latin form Ultrasylvania (1077), later Transylvania (from another point of view after the foundation of Hungary in 895), was a direct translation from the Hungarian form. [10] In Ukrainian and German, the names Zalissia (Ukrainian: Залісся) and Überwald, both meaning "beyond the forest" are also used.
The place-names of Wales derive in most cases from the Welsh language, but have also been influenced by linguistic contact with the Romans, Anglo-Saxons, Vikings, Anglo-Normans and modern English. [1] Toponymy in Wales reveals significant features of the country's history and geography, as well as the development of the Welsh language.
Khujand. Alexandria the Furthest, Khüjand, Khodzhent, Khudchand, Chodjend, Ispisar, Leninabad, Leninobod. Alexandria on the Indus. at the confluence of the Indus and Chenab rivers, Pakistan, 13 km from modern Uch. abandoned. Uch, Uch Sharif, Alexandria at the Head of the Punjab. Alexandria on the Oxus.
Latin place names are not always exclusive to one place — for example, there were several Roman cities whose names began with Colonia and then a more descriptive term. During the Middle Ages, these were often shortened to just Colonia. One of these, Colonia Agrippinensis, retains the name today in the form of Cologne (from French, German Köln).