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Wilhelm II[b] (Friedrich Wilhelm Viktor Albert; 27 January 1859 – 4 June 1941) was the last German Emperor and King of Prussia from 1888 until his abdication in 1918, which marked the end of the German Empire as well as the Hohenzollern dynasty's 300-year rule of Prussia. Born during the reign of his granduncle Frederick William IV of Prussia ...
Overview. World War I mobilization, 1 August 1914. The German population responded to the outbreak of war in 1914 with a complex mix of emotions, in a similar way to the populations of emotions in the United Kingdom; notions of universal enthusiasm known as the Spirit of 1914 have been challenged by more recent scholarship. [1]
Of the princely heads of state, 4 held the title King (König) (the Kings of Prussia, Bavaria, Saxony, and Württemberg), 6 held the title Grand Duke (Großherzog), 5 held the title Duke (Herzog), and 7 held the title Prince (i.e. Sovereign Prince, Fürst). Following the unilateral proclamation of the abdication of Wilhelm II on 9 November 1918 ...
Karl von Einem − Commander of the 3rd Army (1914–1919) Alexander von Kluck - Commander of the 1st Army (1914–1915) and fought at the Battle of Mons, Le Cateau and Marne. Karl von Bülow - Commander of the 2nd Army at the Battle of Liège and Siege of Namur and was blamed for the failure of capturing Paris in 1914.
The abdication of Wilhelm II as German Emperor and King of Prussia was declared unilaterally by Chancellor Max von Baden at the height of the German revolution on 9 November 1918, two days before the end of World War I. It was formally affirmed by a written statement from Wilhelm on 28 November while he was in exile in Amerongen, the ...
Germany was ruled by monarchs from the beginning of division of the Frankish Empire in August 843 to the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in August 1806. [1] [2] [3] During most of 19th century, independent German principalities were organized into various confederations, such as the Confederation of the Rhine dominated by Napoleon (1806-1913) and the German Confederation created by the ...
Paul Ludwig Hans Anton von Beneckendorff und von Hindenburg[ a ] (2 October 1847 – 2 August 1934), known as simply Paul von Hindenburg, [ b ] was a German military officer and statesman who led the Imperial German Army during World War I. [ 1 ] He became president of Germany from 1925 until his death. He played a key role in the Nazi seizure ...
The German Emperor (German: Deutscher Kaiser, pronounced [ˈdɔʏtʃɐ ˈkaɪzɐ] ⓘ) was the official title of the head of state and hereditary ruler of the German Empire.A specifically chosen term, it was introduced with the 1 January 1871 constitution and lasted until the abdication of Wilhelm II was announced on 9 November 1918.