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Phenomenology is the philosophical study of objectivity and, more generally, reality as subjectively lived and experienced. It seeks to investigate the universal features of consciousness while avoiding assumptions about the external world, aiming to describe phenomena as they appear to the subject, and to explore the meaning and significance of the lived experiences.
Hermeneutics is a wider discipline which includes written, verbal, and nonverbal [7][8] communication. Exegesis focuses primarily upon the word and grammar of texts. Hermeneutic, as a count noun in the singular, refers to some particular method of interpretation (see, in contrast, double hermeneutic).
Jean Paul Gustave Ricœur (/ rɪˈkɜːr /; French: [ʁikœʁ]; 27 February 1913 – 20 May 2005) was a French philosopher best known for combining phenomenological description with hermeneutics. As such, his thought is within the same tradition as other major hermeneutic phenomenologists, Martin Heidegger, Hans-Georg Gadamer, and Gabriel Marcel.
Phenomenological description is a method of phenomenology that attempts to depict the structure of first person lived experience, rather than theoretically explain it. [1] This method was first conceived of by Edmund Husserl. [2][3] It was developed through the latter work of Martin Heidegger, Jean-Paul Sartre, Emmanuel Levinas and Maurice ...
Historically-effected consciousness. Fusion of horizons. Hans-Georg Gadamer (/ ˈɡɑːdəmər /; German: [ˈɡaːdamɐ]; 11 February 1900 – 13 March 2002) was a German philosopher of the continental tradition, best known for his 1960 magnum opus on hermeneutics, Truth and Method (Wahrheit und Methode).
Martin Heidegger (/ ˈhaɪdɛɡər, ˈhaɪdɪɡər /; [3] German: [ˈmaʁtiːn ˈhaɪdɛɡɐ]; [3] 26 September 1889 – 26 May 1976) was a German philosopher who is best known for contributions to phenomenology, hermeneutics, and existentialism. His work covers topics including technology, Immanuel Kant, metaphysics, and humanism.
Hermeneutic circle. The hermeneutic circle (German: hermeneutischer Zirkel) describes the process of understanding a text hermeneutically.It refers to the idea that one's understanding of the text as a whole is established by reference to the individual parts and one's understanding of each individual part by reference to the whole.
Bracketing (or epoché) is a preliminary act in the phenomenological analysis, conceived by Husserl as the suspension of the trust in the objectivity of the world. [7][8] It involves setting aside the question of the real existence of a contemplated object, as well as all other questions about the object's physical or objective nature; these ...