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The source is a subject matter expert, not a statistics expert. [6] The source may incorrectly use a method or interpret a result. The source is a statistician, not a subject matter expert. [7] An expert should know when the numbers being compared describe different things.
It has become one of the best-selling statistics books in history, with over one and a half million copies sold in the English-language edition. [1] It has also been widely translated. Themes of the book include "Correlation does not imply causation" and "Using random sampling." It also shows how statistical graphs can be used to distort reality.
In statistics, a misleading graph, also known as a distorted graph, is a graph that misrepresents data, constituting a misuse of statistics and with the result that an incorrect conclusion may be derived from it. Graphs may be misleading by being excessively complex or poorly constructed.
The origin of the phrase "Lies, damned lies, and statistics" is unclear, but Mark Twain attributed it to Benjamin Disraeli [1] "Lies, damned lies, and statistics" is a phrase describing the persuasive power of statistics to bolster weak arguments, "one of the best, and best-known" critiques of applied statistics. [2]
Simpson's paradox is a phenomenon in probability and statistics in which a trend appears in several groups of data but disappears or reverses when the groups are combined. This result is often encountered in social-science and medical-science statistics, [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] and is particularly problematic when frequency data are unduly given ...
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How Not to Be Wrong explains the mathematics behind some of simplest day-to-day thinking. [4] It then goes into more complex decisions people make. [5] [6] For example, Ellenberg explains many misconceptions about lotteries and whether or not they can be mathematically beaten.
Essentially, the new information that a person receives works backward in time to distort memory of the original event. [6] One mechanism through which the misinformation effect occurs is source misattribution , in which the false information given after the event becomes incorporated into people's memory of the actual event. [ 7 ]