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A bispecific monoclonal antibody (BsMAb, BsAb) is an artificial protein that can simultaneously bind to two different types of antigen or two different epitopes on the same antigen. [1] Naturally occurring antibodies typically only target one antigen. BsAbs can be manufactured in several structural formats.
[9] [10] It is a bispecific GPRC5D-directed CD3 T-cell engager. [9] Talquetamab is a bispecific antibody against two targets: human CD3, a T-cell surface antigen, and human G-protein coupled receptor family C group 5 member D (GPRC5D), a tumor-associated antigen with potential antineoplastic activity. [11]
Epcoritamab, sold under the brand name Epkinly, is a monoclonal antibody anticancer medication used for the treatment of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. [4] [7] Epcoritamab is a bispecific CD20-directed CD3 T-cell engager. [4] [7] Epcoritamab was co-developed by AbbVie and Genmab. [8]
It is a bispecific T-cell engager that binds delta-like ligand 3 and CD3. [4] The most common adverse reactions include cytokine release syndrome, fatigue, pyrexia, dysgeusia, decreased appetite, musculoskeletal pain, and constipation, anemia and nausea. [5] Tarlatamab was approved for medical use in the United States in May 2024.
sdAb: single-domain antibody; BsAb: bispecific monoclonal antibody: 3funct: trifunctional antibody; BiTE: bi-specific T-cell engager; This list of over 500 monoclonal antibodies includes approved and investigational drugs as well as drugs that have been withdrawn from market; consequently, the column Use does not
Along scFv and Fab fragments, diabodies or bispecific recombinant antibodies are the third major format. [5] Bispecific antibodies combine two different antigen binding specificities within one molecule. [10] The bispecific antibodies are used to crosslink the target molecules with two different cells and mediate direct cytotoxicity. [13] [14]
The antibody treatment, sasanlimab, in combination with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine met the main goal of the study in patients with high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC ...
The bispecific antibodies have arrived in the clinic. In 2009, the bispecific antibody catumaxomab was approved in the European Union [40] [41] and was later withdrawn for commercial reasons. [42] Others include amivantamab, blinatumomab, teclistamab, and emicizumab. [43]