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A goitre, or goiter, is a swelling in the neck resulting from an enlarged thyroid gland. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] A goitre can be associated with a thyroid that is not functioning properly. Worldwide, over 90% of goitre cases are caused by iodine deficiency . [ 3 ]
This, in turn, causes the clinical symptoms of hyperthyroidism, and the enlargement of the thyroid gland visible as goiter. The infiltrative exophthalmos frequently encountered has been explained by postulating that the thyroid gland and the extraocular muscles share a common antigen, which is recognized by the antibodies.
The signs and symptoms of Graves' disease generally result from the direct and indirect effects of hyperthyroidism, although they can also be caused by other thyroidal conditions, such as Graves' ophthalmopathy, goitre and pretibial myxedema. These clinical manifestations can involve virtually every system in the body.
Toxic multinodular goiter (TMNG), also known as multinodular toxic goiter (MNTG), is an active multinodular goiter associated with hyperthyroidism.. It is a common cause of hyperthyroidism [2] [3] in which there is excess production of thyroid hormones from functionally autonomous thyroid nodules, which do not require stimulation from thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH).
Hyperthyroidism is the condition that occurs due to excessive production of thyroid hormones by the thyroid gland. [3] Thyrotoxicosis is the condition that occurs due to excessive thyroid hormone of any cause and therefore includes hyperthyroidism. [3] Some, however, use the terms interchangeably. [5]
The leading cause of hypothyroidism is Hashimoto’s disease (also known as Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, chronic autoimmune thyroiditis or lymphocytic thyroiditis), per Cleveland Clinic.
8 Autoimmune Diseases That Cause Hair Loss. This article was reviewed by Knox Beasley, MD.. You might associate autoimmune conditions with symptoms like skin disease, chronic pain, and fatigue.
Hyperthyroidism (high function) caused by having too many free thyroid hormones [2] Structural abnormalities, most commonly a goiter (enlargement of the thyroid gland) [2] Tumors which can be benign (not cancerous) or cancerous [2] Abnormal thyroid function tests without any clinical symptoms (subclinical hypothyroidism or subclinical ...