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Italian Cyrenaica (Italian: Cirenaica Italiana; Arabic: برقة الايطالیة) was an Italian colony, located in present-day eastern Libya, that existed from 1911 to 1934. It was part of the territory conquered from the Ottoman Empire during the Italo-Turkish War of 1911, [ 1 ] alongside Italian Tripolitania .
Italian colonial authorities forcibly expelled 100,000 Eastern Libyan Bedouins, half the population of Cyrenaica, from their settlements that were given to Italian colonist settlers, an action that has been described as ethnic cleansing. [12] Less than 40,000 Libyan survivors left Italian refugee camps following their release in 1934. [13]
The Libyans suffered between 40,000 [3] and 70,000 deaths [4] due to battles, deportation and starvation, while the Italian colonial troops lose 2,582 men [5] Estimated 100,000 to 250,000 indigenous Libyans also immigrated or went into exile during the period from the start of the Italo-Turkish war in 1911 to the end of Italian governance in 1943.
The Italian colonies of Tripolitania and Cyrenaica were taken by Italy from the Ottoman Empire during the Italo-Turkish War of 1911–1912, and run by Italian governors. In 1923, indigenous rebels associated with the Senussi Order organized the Libyan resistance movement against Italian settlement in Libya, mainly in Cyrenaica. [ 4 ]
During the Italian colonization of Libya, the Kingdom of Italy established several concentration camps as part of its efforts to suppress resistance and control the local population. These camps were used to detain and persecute Libyans, especially during the later stages of the colonization period.
The First Italo-Senussi War (1911–17) was a conflict between the Kingdom of Italy and the Senussi for control of Libya, primarily in Cyrenaica. [1] It had two main active phases: The Italo-Turkish War (1911–12), when Italy invaded Libya, then the Ottoman vilayet of Trâblus Gârb
Three days later, the Ottoman Empire officially ceded the province to the Kingdom of Italy. On 17 May 1919, Cyrenaica was established as an Italian colony, and, on 25 October 1920, the Italian government recognized Sheikh Sidi Idriss as the leader of the Senussi, who was granted the princely rank of emir until 1929. In that year, Italy withdrew ...
Map of traditional provinces of Libya, with Cyrenaica marked in gray. This article lists the colonial governors of Italian Cyrenaica from 1912 to 1935. They administered the territory on behalf of the Kingdom of Italy.