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Size comparison between a person and Inostrancevia (reconstructed with long lips and some hair). Earlier gorgonopsids in the Middle Permian were quite small, with skull lengths of 10–15 cm (4–6 in), [1] whereas some later genera attained massive, bear-like sizes with the largest being Inostrancevia up to 3.5 m (11 ft) in length and 300 kg (660 lb) in body mass. [2]
Inostrancevia is an extinct genus of large carnivorous therapsids which lived during the Late Permian in what is now European Russia and Southern Africa.The first-known fossils of this gorgonopsian were discovered in the context of a long series of excavations carried out from 1899 to 1914 in the Northern Dvina, Russia.
Restoration of G. whaitsi. Gorgonops was a medium-sized gorgonopsian, with a skull length of 22–35 centimetres (8.7–13.8 in), depending on the species. They ranged from 1.2–2 metres (3.9–6.6 ft) long from nose to tail.
Saber-toothed mammals have been found almost worldwide from the Eocene epoch to the end of the Pleistocene epoch (42 million years ago – 11,000 years ago). [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] One of the best-known genera is the machairodont or "saber-toothed cat" Smilodon , the species of which, especially S. fatalis , are popularly referred to as "saber ...
"Dogs do have full control of their tails; it is a highly specialized part of the body," says Dr. MacMillan. "They can control whether it is raised or lowered, as well as side-to-side movement.
Being endothermic they may have needed it for thermoregulation, but fossil evidence of their fur (or lack thereof) has been elusive. Modern mammals have Harderian glands secreting lipids to coat their fur, but the telltale imprint of this structure is only found from the primitive mammal Morganucodon and onwards. [ 1 ]
Despite their fluffy layer of fur, dogs exposed to freezing temperatures can develop frostbite on their paws, ears and tail. With 2025 off to a snowy start and warnings in place for dog owners, it ...
The first clear evidence of hair or fur is in fossils of Castorocauda and Megaconus, from 164M years ago in the mid-Jurassic. [43] As both mammals Megaconus and Castorocauda have a double coat of hair, with both guard hairs and an undercoat, it may be assumed that their last common ancestor did as well. [ 38 ]