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The Windows NT operating system family's architecture consists of two layers (user mode and kernel mode), with many different modules within both of these layers.. The architecture of Windows NT, a line of operating systems produced and sold by Microsoft, is a layered design that consists of two main components, user mode and kernel mode.
Additional diagram of macOS architecture (2017 update) The architecture of macOS describes the layers of the operating system that is the culmination of Apple Inc.'s decade-long research and development process to replace the classic Mac OS.
The operating system provides an interface between an application program and the computer hardware, so that an application program can interact with the hardware only by obeying rules and procedures programmed into the operating system. The operating system is also a set of services which simplify development and execution of application programs.
Modular operating systems such as OS-9 and most modern monolithic-kernel operating systems such as OpenVMS, Linux, FreeBSD, NetBSD, DragonFly BSD, Solaris, and AIX can dynamically load (and unload) executable kernel modules at runtime. This modularity of the operating system is at the binary (image) level and not at the architecture level.
The Windows NT operating system family's architecture consists of two layers (user mode and kernel mode), with many different modules within both of these layers.One prominent example of a hybrid kernel is the Microsoft Windows NT kernel that powers all operating systems in the Windows NT family, up to and including Windows 11 and Windows Server 2022, and powers Windows Phone 8, Windows Phone ...
In simple terms, it is a layer that users can access directly (such as a web page, or an operating system's GUI). Application tier (business logic, logic tier, or middle tier) The logical tier is pulled out from the presentation tier and, as its layer, it controls an application’s functionality by performing detailed processing.
Layer 1 was concerned with allocating memory to processes. In modern terms, this was the pager. Layer 2 dealt with communication between the operating system and the system console. Layer 3 managed all I/O between the devices attached to the computer. This included buffering information from the various devices. Layer 4 consisted of user programs.
Diagram showing the architectural layers of the IBM i operating system, and their relationship to hardware and user applications When IBM i was first released as OS/400, it was split into two layers, the hardware-dependent System Licensed Internal Code (SLIC) [ 15 ] [ 1 ] and the hardware-independent Extended Control Program Facility (XPF).