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Thermal paste consists of a polymerizable liquid matrix and large volume fractions of electrically insulating, but thermally conductive filler. Typical matrix materials are epoxies, silicones (silicone grease), urethanes, and acrylates; solvent-based systems, hot-melt adhesives, and pressure-sensitive adhesive tapes are also available.
Thermal adhesives come in both single-part formulations as well as two-part formulations, often containing additives to improve thermal conductivity, including solid fillers (metal oxides, carbon black, carbon nanotubes, etc.), [3] or liquid metal droplets. [4]
Thermal grease often consists of a silicone-grease base, along with added thermally conductive fillers. It is used for heat-transfer abilities, rather than friction reduction. It is used for heat-transfer abilities, rather than friction reduction.
These thermal greases have low electrical conductivity and their volume resistivities are 1.5⋅10 15, 1.8⋅10 11, and 9.9⋅10 9 Ω⋅cm for 860, 8616 and 8617 respectively. The thermal grease 860 is a silicone oil with a Zinc Oxide filler and 8616 and 8617 are synthetic oils with various fillers including Aluminum Oxide and Boron Nitride.
As an electrical insulator, silicone rubber has the added virtue of remaining non-conductive when damaged by heat, reducing the likelihood of runaway arcing. With the addition of carbon or another conductive substance as a powdered filler, silicone rubber can be made electrically conductive while retaining most of its other mechanical properties.
Conductive CNTs are used in brushes for commercial electric motors. They replace traditional carbon black. The nanotubes improve electrical and thermal conductivity because they stretch through the plastic matrix of the brush. This permits the carbon filler to be reduced from 30% down to 3.6%, so that more matrix is present in the brush.
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