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Nasogastric intubation is a medical process involving the insertion of a plastic tube (nasogastric tube or NG tube) through the nose, down the esophagus, and down into the stomach. Orogastric intubation is a similar process involving the insertion of a plastic tube (orogastric tube) through the mouth. [1] Abraham Louis Levin invented the NG tube.
NG-tubes can have complications, particularly related to accidental removal of the tube and nasal irritation. [21] More specifically, when nasogastric or nasoenteric tubes are placed incorrectly, they can damage patients' vocal cords, lungs, or trachea, resulting in serious injuries or even death. [22]
The effectiveness of the RightSpotpH® Indicator has been validated through clinical studies. A significant study published in the International Journal of Emergency Medicine demonstrated that the device is sensitive and specific for determining intragastric pH levels below or above 5.5, a common threshold used for confirming nasogastric tube placement.
Typically intravenous fluids are given, a nasogastric (NG) tube is placed through the nose into the stomach to decompress the intestines, and pain medications are given. [2] Antibiotics are often given. [2] In small bowel obstruction about 25% require surgery. [6] Complications may include sepsis, bowel ischemia and bowel perforation. [1]
"Knotting of a nasogastric feeding tube in a child with head injury: A case report and review of the literature." [11]In this publication, Aliu, alongside seven other physicians, discusses the complications that can arise from the placement of a nasogastric tube, a common procedure for patients who are unable to feed themselves.
The PEG procedure is an alternative to open surgical gastrostomy insertion, and does not require a general anesthetic; mild sedation is typically used. PEG tubes may also be extended into the small intestine by passing a jejunal extension tube (PEG-J tube) through the PEG tube and into the jejunum via the pylorus. [1]
The tube may be difficult to position, particularly in an unwell patient, and may inadvertently be inserted in the trachea, hence endotracheal intubation before the procedure is strongly advised to secure the airway. The tube is often kept in the refrigerator in the hospital's emergency department, intensive care unit and gastroenterology ward.
For example, nasogastric (NG) tubes inserted through the nose and into the stomach can help remove stomach contents for patients who have a blockage further along in their gastrointestinal tract. After surgery, drains can be placed to remove blood, lymph, or other fluids that accumulate in the wound bed.