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The hydrogen and carbon monoxide are reducing agents, so they work together to shield surfaces from oxidation. Endothermic gas is often used as a carrier gas for gas carburizing and carbonitriding. An endothermic gas generator could be used to supply heat to form an endothermic reaction. [1]
Thus, an endothermic reaction generally leads to an increase in the temperature of the system and a decrease in that of the surroundings. [1] The term was coined by 19th-century French chemist Marcellin Berthelot. [3] The term endothermic comes from the Greek ἔνδον (endon) meaning 'within' and θερμ- (therm) meaning 'hot' or 'warm'. [4]
The reaction was used by Joseph Priestley to prepare samples of gaseous oxygen for the first time. When water is heated to well over 2,000 °C (2,270 K; 3,630 °F), a small percentage of it will decompose into OH, monatomic oxygen, monatomic hydrogen, O 2 , and H 2 .
Autothermal reforming (ATR) uses oxygen and carbon dioxide or steam in a reaction with methane to form syngas. The reaction takes place in a single chamber where the methane is partially oxidized. The reaction is exothermic. When the ATR uses carbon dioxide, the H 2:CO ratio produced is 1:1; when the ATR uses steam, the H 2:CO ratio produced is ...
Hydrogen may be used in fuel cells for local electricity generation or potentially as a transportation fuel. Hydrogen is produced as a by-product of industrial chlorine production by electrolysis. Although requiring expensive technologies, hydrogen can be cooled, compressed and purified for use in other processes on site or sold to a customer ...
In 1873, Thaddeus S. C. Lowe developed and patented the water gas process by which large amounts of hydrogen gas could be generated for residential and commercial use in heating and lighting. This gas provided a more efficient heating fuel than the common coal gas, or coke gas, which was used in municipal service. The process used the water-gas ...
In chemistry, thermochemical cycles combine solely heat sources (thermo) with chemical reactions to split water into its hydrogen and oxygen components. [1] The term cycle is used because aside of water, hydrogen and oxygen, the chemical compounds used in these processes are continuously recycled.
Hydrogen is added directly from a cylinder or built in laboratory hydrogen source, and the pressurized slurry is mechanically rocked to provide agitation, or a spinning basket is used. [37] Recent advances in electrolysis technology have led to the development of high pressure hydrogen generators , which generate hydrogen up to 1,400 psi (100 ...