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The aphorism "Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence", according to psychologist Patrizio Tressoldi, "is at the heart of the scientific method, and a model for critical thinking, rational thought and skepticism everywhere". [5] [6] [7] It has also been described as a "fundamental principle of scientific skepticism". [8]
Skepticism, also spelled scepticism in British English, is a questioning attitude or doubt toward knowledge claims that are seen as mere belief or dogma. [1] For example, if a person is skeptical about claims made by their government about an ongoing war then the person doubts that these claims are accurate.
If scepticism was unnecessary, then it wouldn't be practised by academics, as it would be a hindrance not a help to the academic process. To summarise then: If an idea is contradicted, academics reject that idea. At a fundamental level, this isn't deep philosophy, it's basic common sense.
Philosophical skepticism (UK spelling: scepticism; from Greek σκέψις skepsis, "inquiry") is a family of philosophical views that question the possibility of knowledge. [1] [2] It differs from other forms of skepticism in that it even rejects very plausible knowledge claims that belong to basic common sense.
The Skeptic's Dictionary is a collection of cross-referenced skeptical essays by Robert Todd Carroll, published on his website skepdic.com and in a printed book. [1] [2] The skepdic.com site was launched in 1994 and the book was published in 2003 with nearly 400 entries. As of January 2011 the website has over 700 entries. [3]
This is a list of important publications in philosophy, organized by field. The publications on this list are regarded as important because they have served or are serving as one or more of the following roles: Foundation – A publication whose ideas would go on to be the foundation of a topic or field within philosophy.
Academic skepticism refers to the skeptical period of the Academy dating from around 266 BCE, when Arcesilaus became scholarch, until around 90 BCE, when Antiochus of Ascalon rejected skepticism, although individual philosophers, such as Favorinus and his teacher Plutarch, continued to defend skepticism after this date.
Intellectual responsibility (also known as epistemic responsibility) is the quality of being adequately reflective about the truth of one's beliefs. [1] People are intellectually responsible if they have tried hard enough to be reflective about the truth of their beliefs, aiming not to miss any information that would cause them to abandon those beliefs as false.