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  2. List of sexually active popes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_sexually_active_popes

    Pope Paul III Farnese had four illegitimate children and made his illegitimate son Pier Luigi Farnese the first duke of Parma. This is a list of sexually active popes, Catholic priests who were not celibate before they became pope, and those who were legally married before becoming pope. Some candidates were allegedly sexually active before their election as pope, and others were thought to ...

  3. List of people excommunicated by the Catholic Church

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_people...

    Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor was excommunicated by Pope Innocent III in 1210 after he had invaded and taken over lands belonging to the Papal States as well as invading the Kingdom of Sicily that was under the Pope's suzerainty. [46] Alfonso IX of León, King of Leon and Galicia, was excommunicated by Pope Innocent III for marrying a near ...

  4. Clerical celibacy in the Catholic Church - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clerical_celibacy_in_the...

    Pope Francis shared his views on celibacy, and the possibility of church discussion on the topic, when he was the Archbishop of Buenos Aires, recorded in the book On Heaven and Earth, a record of conversations conducted with a Buenos Aires rabbi. [75] He commented that celibacy "is a matter of discipline, not of faith.

  5. Clerical celibacy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clerical_celibacy

    Peter, the first pope, as well as many subsequent popes, bishops, and priests during the church's first 270 years were in fact married men, and often fathers of children. The practice of clerical continence, along with a prohibition of marriage after ordination as a deacon, priest or bishop, is traceable from the time of the Council of Elvira ...

  6. List of popes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_popes

    The niece of the pope was married to the future Henry II of France (1533). Recognized the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin (Capuchins). 220: 13 October 1534 – 10 November 1549 (15 years, 28 days) Paul III PAVLVS Tertius: Alessandro Farnese: 29 February 1468 Canino, Lazio, Papal States 66 / 81 Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States.

  7. List of excommunicable offences in the Catholic Church

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Excommunicable...

    (Session 12- Basel) All who take part in simoniacal elections (i.e., making someone pope or bishop through bribery) receive an automatic excommunication reserved to the Holy See. (Session 19- Basel) Anyone who vexes or makes an issue out of property that a convert unjustly held but had given to the church, and which the church then put to pious ...

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  9. History of the papacy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_papacy

    A history of the popes, 1830–1914 (Oxford UP, 1998), scholarly online; Collins, Roger (2009). Keepers of the Keys: A History of the Papacy. Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-465-01195-7. Coppa, Frank J. The Papacy in the Modern World: A Political History (2014) online review; Coppa, Frank J. ed. The great popes through history: an encyclopedia (2 vol ...