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The Canadian Shield is a U-shaped subsection of the Laurentia craton signifying the area of greatest glacial impact (scraping down to bare rock) creating the thin soils. The age of the Canadian Shield is estimated to be 4.28 Ga. The Canadian Shield once had jagged peaks, higher than any of today's mountains, but millions of years of erosion ...
Volgo-Uralian Craton, Russia (3.0–2.7 Ga) Baltic Shield, part of the East European Craton; Fennoscandian Shield, the exposed Northwestern part of the Baltic Shield in Norway, Sweden and Finland (3.1 Ga) Karelian Craton, part of the Fennoscandian Shield in Southeast Finland and Karelia Russia, (3.4 Ga)
The Churchill Craton is the northwest section of the Canadian Shield and stretches from southern Saskatchewan and Alberta to northern Nunavut. It has a very complex geological history punctuated by at least seven distinct regional tectono metamorphic intervals, including many discrete accretionary magmatic events.
The earliest part of the shield is metamorphosed Archean rocks, originally volcanic in origin. Numerous terranes were accreted onto this Archean core during the Proterozoic to form the Canadian Shield. [4] The southern Archean province is the Superior Craton, it is formed by the combination of a greenstone-granite and a gneiss terrane. [5]
The Superior Craton or Superior Province is an Archean craton. It is a 160-mile thick section of stable continental crust formed beginning (4.031 billion years ago-present) which forms the core of the Canadian Shield lying north of Lake Superior for which it is named. It is located roughly north and west of Sudbury [1]
The term shield, used to describe this type of geographic region, appears in the 1901 English translation of Eduard Suess's Face of Earth by H. B. C. Sollas, and comes from the shape "not unlike a flat shield" [2] of the Canadian Shield which has an outline that "suggests the shape of the shields carried by soldiers in the days of hand-to-hand ...
The Archean Superior Craton extends over 1572000 km 2 of the North American continent. [3] Forming the core of the Canadian Shield, the Archean Superior craton is encompassed by early Proterozoic orogens. [1] The western to the northeastern part of the craton is bound by the Trans-Hudson orogens. [9]
The Trans-Hudson orogeny or Trans-Hudsonian orogeny was the major mountain building event that formed the Precambrian Canadian Shield and the North American Craton (also called Laurentia), forging the initial North American continent.