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Free recall describes the process in which a person is given a list of items to remember and then is tested by being asked to recall them in any order. [6] Free recall often displays evidence of primacy and recency effects. Primacy effects are displayed when the person recalls items presented at the beginning of the list earlier and more often.
Exact cover problem. Remains NP-complete for 3-sets. Solvable in polynomial time for 2-sets (this is a matching). [2] [3]: SP2 Finding the global minimum solution of a Hartree-Fock problem [37] Upward planarity testing [8] Hospitals-and-residents problem with couples; Knot genus [38]
In some cases parsimonious reductions, a more specific type of reduction that preserves the exact number of solutions, are used. #P-complete problems are at least as hard as NP-complete problems. [1] A polynomial-time algorithm for solving a #P-complete problem, if it existed, would solve the P versus NP problem by implying that P and NP are ...
The NP-complete problems represent the hardest problems in NP. If some NP-complete problem has a polynomial time algorithm, all problems in NP do. The set of NP-complete problems is often denoted by NP-C or NPC. Although a solution to an NP-complete problem can be verified "quickly", there is no known way to find a solution quickly.
Redintegration refers to the restoration of the whole of something from a part of it. The everyday phenomenon is that a small part of a memory can remind a person of the entire memory, for example, “recalling an entire song when a few notes are played.” [1] In cognitive psychology the word is used in reference to phenomena in the field of memory, where it is defined as "the use of long ...
The numerical 3-d matching problem is problem [SP16] of Garey and Johnson. [1] They claim it is NP-complete, and refer to, [2] but the claim is not proved at that source. The NP-hardness of the related problem 3-partition is done in [1] by a reduction from 3-dimensional matching via 4-partition. To prove NP-completeness of the numerical 3 ...
Many researchers have attempted to identify the psychological process which creates the availability heuristic. Tversky and Kahneman argue that the number of examples recalled from memory is used to infer the frequency with which such instances occur. In an experiment to test this explanation, participants listened to lists of names containing ei
co-RE-complete is the set of decision problems that are complete for co-RE. In a sense, these are the complements of the hardest recursively enumerable problems. Examples of co-RE-complete problems: The domino problem for Wang tiles. The satisfiability problem for first-order logic.