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Tsuga heterophylla, the western hemlock [2] or western hemlock-spruce, [3] is a species of hemlock native to the northwest coast of North America, with its northwestern limit on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, and its southeastern limit in northern Sonoma County, California. [4] [5] The Latin species name means 'variable leaves'. [6]
The distribution of T. mertensiana stretches from Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, to northern Tulare County, California. [4] [5] [6] Its range fairly closely matches that of T. heterophylla (western hemlock), found less than 100 kilometers (62 miles) from the Pacific Ocean, apart from an inland population in the Rocky Mountains in southeast British Columbia, northern Idaho, and western Montana.
This competitive advantage allows western hemlock to rapidly fill the canopy gap, pre-empting other species that may invade, including Douglas-fir. Long-term forest dynamics plots show that the annual mortality of large Douglas-fir is only about 1%. [11] Thus, over centuries, western hemlock and western redcedar will come to dominate the canopy.
Tsuga (/ ˈ s uː ɡ ə /, [3] from Japanese 栂 (ツガ), the name of Tsuga sieboldii) is a genus of conifers in the subfamily Abietoideae of Pinaceae, the pine family.The English-language common name "hemlock" arose from a perceived similarity in the smell of its crushed foliage to that of the unrelated plant hemlock. [4]
Associated trees include western hemlock, Sitka spruce, sugar pine, western white pine, ponderosa pine, grand fir, coast redwood, western redcedar, California incense-cedar, Lawson's cypress, tanoak, bigleaf maple and several others. Pure stands are also common, particularly north of the Umpqua River in Oregon. It is most dominant in areas with ...
An Eastern Hemlock branch at the Kortright Centre for Conservation. Tsuga canadensis, also known as eastern hemlock, [3] eastern hemlock-spruce, [4] or Canadian hemlock, and in the French-speaking regions of Canada as pruche du Canada, is a coniferous tree native to eastern North America. It is the state tree of Pennsylvania. [5]
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Barkdust is commonly produced from several tree species. The Douglas fir and the Western hemlock are the most common sources of barkdust, with cedar bark also being used. Barkdust may be a byproduct of lumber production, of yard debris recycling processes, or it may be produced in its own right. Barkdust is typically categorized by the source ...